{"guides":[{"slug":"exporting-to-china","order":10,"reviewed":"2026-09-17","audience":{"en":"Canadian exporters","zh":"加拿大出口企业"},"title":{"en":"Exporting from Canada to China: tariffs, registration, certificates and controls","zh":"加拿大对华出口指南：关税、注册、证书与管制"},"description":{"en":"What Canadian exporters need to check before shipping to China in 2026: tariffs, anti-dumping duties, GACC food registration, CFIA certificates, IP and export controls.","zh":"加拿大企业2026年对华出口前需要核对的事项：关税与加征关税、反倾销税、海关总署食品企业注册、CFIA证书、知识产权和出口管制。"},"summary":{"en":"Canada has no free trade agreement with China, so Canadian goods pay China's most-favoured-nation rate plus any additional tariff or anti-dumping duty that targets Canada. Several of those measures changed in 2026, and part of the relief expires on 2026-12-31. This guide sets out the rules on both sides of the transaction, who administers them, and where the official text is published. It is information, not legal advice.","zh":"加拿大与中国没有自由贸易协定，加拿大货物进入中国适用最惠国税率，另加专门针对加拿大的加征关税或反倾销税。其中多项措施在2026年有调整，部分暂停措施将于2026-12-31到期。本指南说明交易两端的规则、主管机关以及官方文件的出处，仅供参考，不构成法律意见。"},"key_points":[{"en":"Canola seed: China's final anti-dumping duty is 5.9% from 2026-03-01 for five years; with the 9% MFN duty the combined rate is 14.9%.","zh":"油菜籽：中国自2026-03-01起征收5.9%的最终反倾销税，为期五年；加上9%的最惠国税率，合计14.9%。"},{"en":"From 2026-03-01 to 2026-12-31 China does not levy its additional tariffs on Canadian canola meal, peas, lobster and crab. The additional 100% on canola oil and 25% on pork and other aquatic products remain.","zh":"2026-03-01至2026-12-31，中国对加拿大油渣饼（菜籽粕）、豌豆、龙虾和蟹不加征关税；菜籽油加征100%、猪肉及其他水产品加征25%的措施仍然有效。"},{"en":"GACC Decree 280 replaced Decree 248 on 2026-06-01. Registration still runs through CIFER, but grains, oilseeds, dried beans and fresh vegetables moved to separate quarantine registration.","zh":"海关总署令第280号自2026-06-01起取代第248号令。注册仍通过CIFER系统办理，但粮食、油籽、干豆和新鲜蔬菜已移出该系统，改为单独的检疫注册登记。"},{"en":"China is first-to-file for trademarks. A Canadian registration gives no rights in China.","zh":"中国商标实行申请在先原则，在加拿大注册的商标在中国不受保护。"},{"en":"China is not on Canada's Area Control List, but any item on the Export Control List needs a permit for China, and Hong Kong is treated the same way for sensitive goods.","zh":"中国不在加拿大《地区管制清单》上，但凡列入《出口管制清单》的物项，出口到中国都需要许可证；敏感货物出口到香港按同样标准处理。"},{"en":"Until 2026-12-31 Canadian ordinary passport holders can enter China visa-free for up to 30 days, including for business.","zh":"2026-12-31之前，持加拿大普通护照人员可免签入境中国，停留不超过30天，商务目的也适用。"}],"sections":[{"id":"where-to-start","heading":{"en":"Where to start: Trade Commissioner Service, CanExport and EDC","zh":"从哪里入手：贸易专员服务处、CanExport和EDC"},"body":{"en":"The federal Trade Commissioner Service (TCS), part of Global Affairs Canada, is the usual first contact. Its [Doing business in China](https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export.html) page lists four offices in mainland China: the Embassy of Canada in Beijing and the Consulates General in Chongqing, Guangzhou and Shanghai. Hong Kong and Macao are covered by a separate TCS office at the Consulate General in Hong Kong.\n\nThe TCS readiness page asks firms to answer \"Why China, why now\", to begin with a narrow regional target, to protect intellectual property before entering the market, and to check export controls, sanctions and forced-labour risk in the supply chain.\n\nFunding and finance to check:\n\n- CanExport SMEs offers up to CAD 50,000 to enter new markets, and CanExport Innovation up to CAD 37,500. On 2026-09-17 the TCS funding page showed CanExport Associations and CanExport Community Investments as not accepting applications. The page does not say whether China is an eligible target market for a given applicant, so the program guide is the place to confirm.\n- Export Development Canada (EDC) rates its position on China as \"Open\", meaning all EDC solutions are available subject to normal approval. That country page is dated 2023-08-04. An EDC article of 2026-04-14 says EDC has in-market teams based in Shanghai and Beijing.\n","zh":"加拿大全球事务部下属的贸易专员服务处（TCS）通常是企业的第一个联系点。其[“在中国开展业务”](https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export.html)页面列出在中国内地的四个办事机构：加拿大驻华大使馆（北京），以及驻重庆、广州、上海总领事馆。香港和澳门由驻香港总领事馆内的TCS办公室另行负责。\n\nTCS的准备事项页面提醒企业先回答“为什么是中国、为什么是现在”，从一个较小的区域市场做起，进入市场前先做好知识产权保护，并核查出口管制、制裁以及供应链中的强迫劳动风险。\n\n资金与融资方面可以核对：\n\n- CanExport SMEs为开拓新市场提供最高5万加元资助，CanExport Innovation最高3.75万加元。2026-09-17查阅时，TCS资助页面显示CanExport Associations和CanExport Community Investments暂不接受申请。页面没有说明中国对具体申请人是否属于合资格目标市场，需以项目指南为准。\n- 加拿大出口发展公司（EDC）对中国的立场评级为“Open”，即各项EDC产品在正常审批条件下均可使用。该国别页面的日期为2023-08-04。EDC在2026-04-14的一篇文章中提到，其在上海和北京设有驻地团队。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Doing business in China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Get ready to do business in China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export/get-ready-business.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Doing business in Hong Kong","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-hong-kong-export.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Funding and financing for international business","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/our-solutions/funding-financing-international-business.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Country information on China","publisher":"Export Development Canada","url":"https://www.edc.ca/en/country-info/country/china.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"What China's tariffs mean for Canadian canola exports","publisher":"Export Development Canada","url":"https://www.edc.ca/en/article/china-tariffs-canola-exports.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"what-changed-2025-2026","heading":{"en":"What changed in 2025 and 2026","zh":"2025年和2026年的主要变化"},"body":{"en":"Much of what exporters learned before 2025 is out of date. The main changes, in date order:\n\n- 2025-03-20: China's additional tariffs took effect: 100% on Canadian canola oil, oil cake (canola meal) and peas, and 25% on aquatic products and pork (Tariff Commission Announcement 2025 No. 3).\n- 2025-08-14: provisional anti-dumping deposits of 75.8% on Canadian canola seed (MOFCOM Announcement 2025 No. 40), replaced on 2026-03-01 by a final duty of 5.9% for five years.\n- 2026-01-16: Canada and China announced a preliminary joint arrangement, summarized in a [Global Affairs Canada backgrounder](https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng). From 2026-03-01 to 2026-12-31 China does not levy the additional tariffs on canola meal, peas, lobster and crab. Nothing official yet says what happens on 2027-01-01.\n- 2026-03-14 and 2026-07-01: new Chinese anti-dumping measures on Canadian halogenated butyl rubber (final, 13.8%) and pea starch (preliminary deposit, 73.5%).\n- 2026-06-01: GACC Decree 280 replaced Decree 248 for the registration of overseas food producers.\n- 2025-04-04 onward: Chinese export licensing of seven rare earths; the October 2025 expansion is suspended until 2026-11-10.\n- 2025-10-09: a Canadian company, TechInsights Inc., was placed on China's Unreliable Entity List.\n- 2026-02-17 to 2026-12-31: 30-day visa-free entry to China for Canadian ordinary passport holders.\n- 2026-05-01: the January 2026 edition of the Guide to Canada's Export Control List took effect.\n","zh":"企业在2025年之前了解到的不少情况已经过时。主要变化按时间顺序如下：\n\n- 2025-03-20：中国加征关税措施生效，对原产于加拿大的菜籽油、油渣饼（菜籽粕）、豌豆加征100%，对水产品、猪肉加征25%（税委会公告2025年第3号）。\n- 2025-08-14：对加拿大油菜籽实施临时反倾销措施，保证金比率75.8%（商务部公告2025年第40号）；自2026-03-01起改为5.9%的最终反倾销税，为期五年。\n- 2026-01-16：加中两国宣布初步联合安排，要点见[加拿大全球事务部的背景说明](https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng)。2026-03-01至2026-12-31，中国对菜籽粕、豌豆、龙虾和蟹不加征关税。2027-01-01之后如何安排，目前没有官方说法。\n- 2026-03-14和2026-07-01：中国对加拿大卤化丁基橡胶（终裁，13.8%）和豌豆淀粉（初裁，保证金73.5%）采取新的反倾销措施。\n- 2026-06-01：海关总署令第280号取代第248号令，适用于进口食品境外生产企业注册。\n- 2025-04-04起：中国对七种稀土实施出口许可管理；2025年10月扩大管制的一批公告暂停实施至2026-11-10。\n- 2025-10-09：加拿大公司TechInsights Inc.被列入中国不可靠实体清单。\n- 2026-02-17至2026-12-31：持加拿大普通护照人员可免签入境中国30天。\n- 2026-05-01：加拿大《出口管制清单指南》2026年1月版生效。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Backgrounder - Preliminary Joint Arrangement on Addressing Bilateral Economic and Trade Issues between Canada and the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"国务院关税税则委员会关于调整对原产于加拿大的部分进口商品加征关税措施的公告（税委会公告2026年第2号）","publisher":"财政部关税司","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202602/t20260227_3984176.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2025年第40号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_bf2ca1ee8cdd457b99ea06baa13cae87.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2026年第14号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_545de9da8f9744459d17cc6fd3ab0132.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Changes to China's requirements for registration of food establishments in the China Import Food Enterprise Registration (CIFER) system as of June 1, 2026","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/notices/2026-05-08","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"不可靠实体清单工作机制关于将反无人机技术公司等外国实体列入不可靠实体清单的公告","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_9b662990fa4a4d26ba3984ab5d826960.html","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"check-tariffs","heading":{"en":"China's tariff on your product, including the additional tariffs on Canadian goods","zh":"核对中国对你的产品征收的关税，包括对加拿大商品的加征关税"},"body":{"en":"Canada has no free trade agreement with China. Canadian goods pay China's most-favoured-nation (MFN) rate, or a lower provisional rate where one exists for the tariff line, plus import VAT, plus any additional tariff or trade remedy duty. The Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council, whose office is in the Ministry of Finance Tariff Department, publishes the annual Tariff Adjustment Plan. The 2026 plan took effect on 2026-01-01.\n\nAdditional tariffs aimed at Canadian goods:\n\n- Tariff Commission Announcement 2025 No. 3 (effective 2025-03-20): an additional 100% on Canadian canola oil, oil cake (canola meal) and peas, and an additional 25% on aquatic products and pork.\n- [Tariff Commission Announcement 2026 No. 2](https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202602/t20260227_3984176.htm) (2026-02-27): from 2026-03-01 to 2026-12-31 the additional 100% on oil cake and peas and the additional 25% on lobster and crab are not levied. All other measures in Announcement 2025 No. 3 stay in force.\n\nOn 2026-09-17 the additional 100% on canola oil, and the additional 25% on pork and on aquatic products other than lobster and crab, therefore still apply. A common mistake is to assume the suspension covers canola oil, pork or all seafood, or that it runs past 2026-12-31.\n\nNo free official English tariff query tool for China was confirmed. The places to check are the Tariff Commission announcements, WTO tariff data for MFN rates (it does not show the Canada-specific additional tariffs), and the Chinese importer's customs broker.\n","zh":"加拿大与中国没有自由贸易协定。加拿大货物进入中国适用最惠国税率，如该税号设有更低的暂定税率则适用暂定税率，另外缴纳进口环节增值税，以及可能适用的加征关税或贸易救济税。国务院关税税则委员会（办公室设在财政部关税司）每年发布关税调整方案，2026年方案自2026-01-01起实施。\n\n专门针对加拿大商品的加征关税：\n\n- 税委会公告2025年第3号（2025-03-20起实施）：对原产于加拿大的菜籽油、油渣饼（菜籽粕）、豌豆加征100%关税，对水产品、猪肉加征25%关税。\n- [税委会公告2026年第2号](https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202602/t20260227_3984176.htm)（2026-02-27发布）：2026-03-01至2026-12-31，对油渣饼、豌豆不加征100%关税，对龙虾、蟹不加征25%关税。2025年第3号公告的其他措施继续有效。\n\n也就是说，截至2026-09-17，菜籽油加征100%、猪肉以及龙虾和蟹以外的水产品加征25%的措施仍在执行。常见的误解是以为暂停措施也涵盖菜籽油、猪肉或全部水产品，或者以为它在2026-12-31之后继续有效。\n\n目前未能确认中国有免费的官方英文税率查询工具。可以查阅税委会公告，用世贸组织关税数据核对最惠国税率（其中不显示针对加拿大的加征关税），实际适用税率可向中国进口商的报关行核实。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"国务院关税税则委员会关于调整对原产于加拿大的部分进口商品加征关税措施的公告（税委会公告2026年第2号）","publisher":"财政部关税司","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202602/t20260227_3984176.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"国务院关税税则委员会公告2025年第3号","publisher":"财政部关税司","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202503/t20250307_3959523.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中国贸易救济信息网：调整对加拿大部分进口商品加征关税措施的报道","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://cacs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/gnwjmdt/sb/sbqt/202602/187323.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Question Period note AAFC-2026-QP-00016","publisher":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","url":"https://search.open.canada.ca/qpnotes/record/aafc-aac,AAFC-2026-QP-00016","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"政策发布","publisher":"财政部关税司","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"WTO Tariff and Trade Data","publisher":"World Trade Organization","url":"https://ttd.wto.org/en","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"trade-remedy-duties","heading":{"en":"Anti-dumping duties on Canadian canola seed, butyl rubber and pea starch","zh":"对加拿大油菜籽、卤化丁基橡胶和豌豆淀粉的反倾销税"},"body":{"en":"China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM, 商务部) investigates dumping and publishes its determinations as numbered announcements. These duties apply on top of the MFN rate and any additional tariff, so they belong in every landed-cost calculation. Three cases concern Canadian goods:\n\n- Canola seed (HS 12051090 and 12059090): [MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 14](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_545de9da8f9744459d17cc6fd3ab0132.html) of 2026-02-28 set a final anti-dumping duty of 5.9% for all Canadian companies, effective 2026-03-01 for five years. The provisional deposit rate from 2025-08-14 had been 75.8%. With the 9% MFN duty the combined rate is 14.9%, the figure Global Affairs Canada confirmed on 2026-03-04. Deposits collected from 2025-12-14 to 2026-02-28 are refunded; for 2025-08-14 to 2025-12-13 the excess over 5.9% is refunded.\n- Halogenated butyl rubber: MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 15 of 2026-03-13 set a final duty of 13.8% (ARLANXEO Canada and all others), effective 2026-03-14 for five years.\n- Pea starch (HS 11081900): MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 25 of 2026-06-30 set a preliminary deposit of 73.5% from 2026-07-01. Announcement 2026 No. 31 extended the investigation to 2027-02-12. This is a preliminary determination, not a final one.\n","zh":"反倾销调查由中国商务部负责，裁定以编号公告的形式发布。反倾销税在最惠国税率和加征关税之外另行征收，核算到岸成本时必须计入。目前涉及加拿大产品的案件有三起：\n\n- 油菜籽（税则号12051090、12059090）：[商务部公告2026年第14号](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_545de9da8f9744459d17cc6fd3ab0132.html)（2026-02-28）终裁，对所有加拿大公司征收5.9%的反倾销税，自2026-03-01起实施，期限五年。此前自2025-08-14起的临时措施保证金比率为75.8%。加上9%的最惠国税率，合计14.9%，加拿大全球事务部在2026-03-04的新闻稿中确认了这一数字。2025-12-14至2026-02-28期间收取的保证金予以退还；2025-08-14至2025-12-13期间的保证金，超过5.9%的部分予以退还。\n- 卤化丁基橡胶：商务部公告2026年第15号（2026-03-13）终裁，税率13.8%（ARLANXEO Canada及其他所有加拿大公司），自2026-03-14起实施，期限五年。\n- 豌豆淀粉（税则号11081900）：商务部公告2026年第25号（2026-06-30）初裁，自2026-07-01起按73.5%收取保证金。公告2026年第31号将调查期限延长至2027-02-12。这是初裁，不是终裁。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"商务部公告2026年第14号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_545de9da8f9744459d17cc6fd3ab0132.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2025年第40号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_bf2ca1ee8cdd457b99ea06baa13cae87.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Canada secures renewed market access with China to boost exports and strengthen economic collaboration","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/03/canada-secures-renewed-market-access-with-china-to-boost-exports-and-strengthen-economic-collaboration.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2026年第15号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_5f64b67ef57a4a21ade7fc6a90b82685.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2026年第25号","publisher":"商务部贸易救济调查局","url":"https://trb.mofcom.gov.cn/myjjdc/art/2026/art_f4f2c71b83534915a79de57e54414952.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2026年第31号","publisher":"商务部贸易救济调查局","url":"https://trb.mofcom.gov.cn/myjjdc/art/2026/art_6863346aa3424c8bb23855743a8bf390.html","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"gacc-food-registration","heading":{"en":"Food: GACC registration of overseas producers under Decree 280 (CIFER)","zh":"食品：按海关总署令第280号办理境外生产企业注册（CIFER）"},"body":{"en":"China's General Administration of Customs (GACC, 海关总署) requires overseas food producers to be registered before their products can enter China. GACC Decree 280 (Provisions on the Registration and Administration of Overseas Producers of Imported Food) took effect on 2026-06-01 and replaced Decree 248, in force since 2022-01-01. Registration still runs through the [CIFER system](https://cifer.singlewindow.cn/).\n\nWhat the CFIA [notice of 2026-05-08](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/notices/2026-05-08) says changed:\n\n- 17 food categories need an official recommendation from the competent authority (CFIA), including meat, dairy, aquatic products, bee products, edible oils, nuts and foods for special dietary uses.\n- Registration is valid for five years. Most products renew automatically; only terrestrial meat products and bird's nest products need a renewal application. The renewal window is 3 to 12 months before expiry (it was 3 to 6).\n- Cold storage facilities for terrestrial and aquatic animal products must register. Ambient storage facilities do not.\n- Fresh vegetables, grains, oilseeds, dried beans and unroasted coffee and cocoa beans left CIFER and fall under separate GACC quarantine registration.\n\nTwo points are often missed: food produced before the registration approval date cannot be exported to China, and inner and outer packaging must show either the GACC registration number or the CFIA establishment ID. CFIA pages continue to refer to Decree 249 for importer and exporter record filing, inspection and labelling. Market access questions go to the AAFC Market Access Secretariat.\n","zh":"中国海关总署要求进口食品的境外生产企业先完成注册，产品才能输华。海关总署令第280号《进口食品境外生产企业注册管理规定》自2026-06-01起施行，取代自2022-01-01起施行的第248号令。注册仍通过[CIFER系统](https://cifer.singlewindow.cn/)办理。\n\n加拿大食品检验局（CFIA）在[2026-05-08的通知](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/notices/2026-05-08)中说明的主要变化：\n\n- 17类食品需要由主管当局（CFIA）官方推荐注册，包括肉类、乳品、水产品、蜂产品、食用油脂、坚果和特殊膳食用食品等。\n- 注册有效期五年。多数产品自动延续；只有陆生动物肉类产品和燕窝产品需要提交延续申请。延续申请的时间为有效期届满前3至12个月（原为3至6个月）。\n- 陆生动物产品和水生动物产品的冷库需要注册，常温仓储设施不需要。\n- 新鲜蔬菜、粮食、油籽、干豆以及未烘焙的咖啡豆和可可豆已移出CIFER，改由海关总署另行办理检疫注册登记。\n\n两点容易被忽略：注册获批日期之前生产的食品不得输华；内外包装上必须标明海关总署注册编号或CFIA企业编号。进出口商备案、检验检疫和标签方面，CFIA页面仍然援引第249号令。市场准入问题可联系加拿大农业及农业食品部市场准入秘书处。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Changes to China's requirements for registration of food establishments in the China Import Food Enterprise Registration (CIFER) system as of June 1, 2026","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/notices/2026-05-08","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"China (People's Republic of) - CIFER - Guidance for industry","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library/peoples-republic-china-cifer","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国海关总署修订进口食品境外生产企业注册管理制度为输华食品贸易提供更多便利","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwjg/sqfb/md/art/2026/art_c4fbf7620190473eae90ad95995d0795.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"进口食品境外生产企业注册管理系统 (CIFER)","publisher":"海关总署（中国电子口岸数据中心运维）","url":"https://cifer.singlewindow.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"进口食品境外生产企业注册信息","publisher":"海关总署","url":"https://ciferquery.singlewindow.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"China (People's Republic of) - Low-risk foods","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library/china-peoples-republic-low-risk-foods","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"CIFER - Checklist tool for industry","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements/cifer-checklist-tool","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"cfia-certificates","heading":{"en":"CFIA export certificates and eligibility by product","zh":"按产品核对CFIA出口证书和准入资格"},"body":{"en":"The CFIA [Food export requirements library](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library) has one page per commodity for China, and export certificates are requested through My CFIA. What the current pages say:\n\n- Meat: eligible products are frozen beef (boneless and bone-in) from cattle under 30 months, chilled beef under a pilot, frozen pork, chilled pork under a pilot, and edible pork by-products. Poultry meat and beef offal are not eligible. Pork must come from a CFIA-recognized ractopamine-free program and beef must meet the Canadian Beta-Agonist Free Beef Certification Program. The certificate is form CFIA/ACIA 4159, and the approved establishment list is the CIFER query site.\n- Fish and seafood: non-live aquatic products need CIFER registration; live aquatic animals need listing on China's quarantine registration list. Certificates are CFIA/ACIA 5328 and CFIA/ACIA 5584. Labels in Chinese and English must show, among other items, common and scientific name, production date, lot and the registration number of each establishment.\n- Canola, grains and pulses: facilities apply for quarantine registration through the AAFC Market Access Secretariat and receive a 17-character number beginning \"QCAN\". A CFIA phytosanitary certificate is needed. The page lists raw lentils, chickpeas, fava beans, adzuki beans and oats as currently ineligible.\n- Pet food: China requires a facility audit and GACC approval, and CFIA added a new registration procedure in June 2026.\n","zh":"CFIA的[食品出口要求资料库](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library)针对中国按商品分别设有页面，出口证书通过My CFIA申请。现行页面的要点：\n\n- 肉类：可输华产品为30月龄以下牛的冷冻牛肉（去骨和带骨）、试点项下的冰鲜牛肉、冷冻猪肉、试点项下的冰鲜猪肉，以及可食用猪副产品。禽肉和牛内脏不在准入范围。猪肉须来自CFIA认可的无莱克多巴胺项目，牛肉须符合加拿大无β-受体激动剂牛肉认证项目。证书为CFIA/ACIA 4159表，获批企业名单以CIFER查询网站为准。\n- 鱼类和海产品：非活水产品须完成CIFER注册；活水生动物须列入中方检疫注册登记名单。证书为CFIA/ACIA 5328和CFIA/ACIA 5584。中英文标签须标明的内容包括商品名和学名、生产日期、批号以及各生产加工企业的注册编号等。\n- 油菜籽、粮食和豆类：生产、加工、仓储设施通过加拿大农业及农业食品部市场准入秘书处申请检疫注册登记，获得以“QCAN”开头的17位编号，并需要CFIA植物检疫证书。页面列明目前不能输华的原粮有小扁豆、鹰嘴豆、蚕豆、赤豆和燕麦。\n- 宠物食品：中方要求对工厂进行审核并经海关总署批准，CFIA在2026年6月新增了输华企业注册程序。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Food export requirements library","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"China (People's Republic of) - Meat and poultry products","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library/china-peoples-republic-meat-and-poultry-products","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"China (People's Republic of) - Fish and seafood","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library/peoples-republic-china-fish-seafood","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"China (People's Republic of) - Unprocessed agri-foods","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library/china-peoples-republic-unprocessed-agri-foods","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Guideline for preparing export certificates for the Canadian pet food industry","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/animal-health/terrestrial-animals/exports/pet-food/preparing-export-certificates","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"进口食品境外生产企业注册信息","publisher":"海关总署","url":"https://ciferquery.singlewindow.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"labels-ccc-nmpa","heading":{"en":"Chinese labels, CCC certification, cosmetics and medical devices","zh":"中文标签、CCC认证、化妆品和医疗器械"},"body":{"en":"Three Chinese regimes apply to many packaged and manufactured goods. In each case the regulator's own site is the place to confirm whether a specific product is covered.\n\n- Food labels: prepackaged food needs a Chinese label that complies with China's national food safety standards. The general labelling standard is GB 7718. A revised edition, [GB 7718-2025](https://www.chinacdc.cn/jkyj/yyyjk2/jswj13949/202510/t20251015_312966.html), has been issued by the National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR); the implementation date is stated in the standard itself. Commodity-specific label content for meat and seafood is on the CFIA pages.\n- China Compulsory Certification (CCC): products in the CCC catalogue (many electrical, automotive, toy and similar goods) cannot be imported or sold without the CCC mark. The scheme is run by the Certification and Accreditation Administration (CNCA) under SAMR. The [CNCA site](https://www.cnca.gov.cn/) has the certification rules, the list of designated certification bodies and a certificate lookup. Check the catalogue for the exact product.\n- Cosmetics and medical devices: the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) is the regulator. Imported cosmetics need registration (special cosmetics) or filing (general cosmetics) through a China-based responsible person. Imported medical devices need filing (Class I) or registration (Class II and III) through a China-based agent. The [NMPA English site](https://english.nmpa.gov.cn/) has sections for cosmetics, medical devices, laws and a database.\n","zh":"许多包装食品和工业制成品会涉及以下三项中国制度。具体产品是否在适用范围内，应以主管机关网站为准。\n\n- 食品标签：预包装食品须加贴符合中国食品安全国家标准的中文标签。通用标准为GB 7718。修订后的[GB 7718-2025《预包装食品标签通则》](https://www.chinacdc.cn/jkyj/yyyjk2/jswj13949/202510/t20251015_312966.html)已由国家卫生健康委员会和国家市场监督管理总局发布，实施日期见标准文本。肉类和水产品的具体标签内容见CFIA相应页面。\n- 强制性产品认证（CCC）：列入CCC目录的产品（许多电气、汽车、玩具等产品）未加施CCC标志不得进口或销售。该制度由市场监管总局下属的国家认证认可监督管理委员会（认监委）负责。[认监委网站](https://www.cnca.gov.cn/)提供认证规则、指定认证机构名单和证书查询。具体产品是否在目录内，应逐项核对。\n- 化妆品和医疗器械：主管机关为国家药品监督管理局（NMPA）。进口特殊化妆品须注册，进口普通化妆品须备案，均通过境内责任人办理。进口第一类医疗器械须备案，第二类、第三类须注册，通过境内代理人办理。[NMPA英文网站](https://english.nmpa.gov.cn/)设有化妆品、医疗器械、法规和数据库栏目。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"食品安全国家标准 预包装食品标签通则（GB 7718-2025）","publisher":"中国疾病预防控制中心","url":"https://www.chinacdc.cn/jkyj/yyyjk2/jswj13949/202510/t20251015_312966.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"国家认证认可监督管理委员会","publisher":"国家认证认可监督管理委员会","url":"https://www.cnca.gov.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"National Medical Products Administration","publisher":"National Medical Products Administration","url":"https://english.nmpa.gov.cn/","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"The Provisions for Registration and Filing of Cosmetics","publisher":"National Medical Products Administration","url":"https://english.nmpa.gov.cn/2022-06/30/c_785637.htm","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"ip-and-ecommerce","heading":{"en":"Intellectual property and online sales channels","zh":"知识产权与线上销售渠道"},"body":{"en":"China is a first-to-file jurisdiction for trademarks, and a Canadian registration gives no rights in China. The Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) guide [Protecting your IP in China](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/canadian-intellectual-property-office/en/doing-business-abroad-protecting-your-ip-china) says to apply as early as possible and to register a Chinese-language version of the mark separately.\n\n- Trademarks can be filed directly with the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) or through the Madrid System; patents directly or through the PCT.\n- Copyright can be recorded with the Copyright Protection Centre of China.\n- Rights can be recorded with GACC so that customs can detain infringing imports and exports.\n\nA common mistake is filing only after a distributor or a squatter has registered the mark, for example after the first trade show or sample shipment. The January 2026 Canada-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Roadmap resumed the bilateral Intellectual Property Working Group.\n\nOn online channels, the TCS page [Introduction to E-Commerce in China](https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export/introduction-ecommerce-china.html) explains cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) retail import, which lets foreign brands sell to Chinese consumers through platforms such as Tmall Global, JD Worldwide and Douyin without the full general-trade registration burden for many products. The tax rules for this channel are in the notice 财关税〔2018〕49号, published on gov.cn. The Roadmap also refers to a possible e-commerce memorandum of understanding.\n","zh":"中国商标实行申请在先原则，在加拿大注册的商标在中国不受保护。加拿大知识产权局（CIPO）的指南[《在中国保护知识产权》](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/canadian-intellectual-property-office/en/doing-business-abroad-protecting-your-ip-china)提示企业尽早申请，并将中文商标另行注册。\n\n- 商标可以直接向国家知识产权局（CNIPA）申请，也可以通过马德里体系申请；专利可以直接申请或通过PCT途径申请。\n- 著作权可以在中国版权保护中心登记。\n- 知识产权可以在海关总署办理海关备案，以便海关扣留侵权的进出口货物。\n\n常见的问题是申请太晚，例如在首次参展或寄出首批样品之后才去申请，而经销商或抢注人已经先行注册。2026年1月的《加中经贸合作路线图》恢复了两国知识产权工作组。\n\n线上渠道方面，TCS的[《中国电子商务简介》](https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export/introduction-ecommerce-china.html)介绍了跨境电商零售进口模式：境外品牌可通过天猫国际、京东国际、抖音等平台直接面向中国消费者销售，许多产品无需承担一般贸易项下的全部注册要求。该渠道的税收政策见财关税〔2018〕49号通知（发布于中国政府网）。路线图还提到双方可能商签电子商务谅解备忘录。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Doing business abroad: Protecting your IP in China","publisher":"Canadian Intellectual Property Office","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/canadian-intellectual-property-office/en/doing-business-abroad-protecting-your-ip-china","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Intellectual property protection in China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export/ip-protection-overview.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"China National Intellectual Property Administration","publisher":"China National Intellectual Property Administration","url":"https://english.cnipa.gov.cn/","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"国家知识产权局商标局","publisher":"国家知识产权局","url":"https://sbj.cnipa.gov.cn/sbj/index.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Introduction to E-Commerce in China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export/introduction-ecommerce-china.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"关于完善跨境电子商务零售进口税收政策的通知","publisher":"中国政府网","url":"https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2018-12/31/content_5440499.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Canada-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Roadmap","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/canada-china-economic-and-trade-cooperation-roadmap","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"canadian-export-controls-and-sanctions","heading":{"en":"Canadian export controls and sanctions that apply to China","zh":"适用于对华出口的加拿大出口管制和制裁"},"body":{"en":"Canadian law applies to the exporter wherever the buyer is. Global Affairs Canada administers both regimes.\n\n- Export Control List (ECL): any item on the ECL needs an export permit for China, as it does for every destination except, in most cases, the United States. The current [Guide to Canada's Export Control List](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/index.aspx?lang=eng) is the January 2026 edition, effective 2026-05-01. Recent additions cover quantum computing, advanced semiconductors and metal additive manufacturing. Item 5505 is a catch-all for goods and technology destined for weapons of mass destruction end-uses.\n- Area Control List: it contains only North Korea. China is not on it. A common mistake is to conclude that no permit is needed; the test is whether the item is on the ECL.\n- Hong Kong: Notice to Exporters No. 1003 (2020-07-07) says Canada treats exports of sensitive goods to Hong Kong in the same way as those destined for China and will not permit the export of sensitive military items.\n- Sanctions: the Special Economic Measures (People's Republic of China) Regulations came into force on 2021-03-21 (asset freeze and dealings ban on listed persons tied to human rights violations in Xinjiang). Eight more individuals were added on 2024-12-09. Counterparties can be screened against the Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List, last updated 2026-09-04.\n","zh":"无论买方在哪里，加拿大法律都适用于出口商。出口管制和制裁均由加拿大全球事务部负责执行。\n\n- 《出口管制清单》（ECL）：凡列入清单的物项，出口到中国都需要出口许可证；除多数情况下的美国之外，出口到其他目的地同样如此。现行[《加拿大出口管制清单指南》](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/index.aspx?lang=eng)为2026年1月版，自2026-05-01起生效。近期新增的管制内容涉及量子计算、先进半导体和金属增材制造。第5505项为兜底条款，适用于可能用于大规模杀伤性武器最终用途的货物和技术。\n- 《地区管制清单》：目前只列有朝鲜，中国不在其中。常见的误解是据此认为对华出口无需许可证；判断标准是物项是否列入ECL。\n- 香港：第1003号出口商通知（2020-07-07）说明，加拿大对出口到香港的敏感货物与出口到中国内地的同等对待，不批准敏感军用物项出口到香港。\n- 制裁：《特别经济措施（中华人民共和国）条例》自2021-03-21起生效，对与新疆侵犯人权行为有关的被列名人员实施资产冻结和交易禁令；2024-12-09又增列八名个人。交易对象可对照《加拿大自主制裁综合清单》筛查，该清单最近一次更新为2026-09-04。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Export controls","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/controls-controles/about-a_propos/expor/before-avant.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"A Guide to Canada's Export Control List (ECL)","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Notice to Exporters Serial No. 1003","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/notices-avis/1003.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Area Control List","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-81-543/FullText.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canadian Sanctions Related to People's Republic of China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/china-chine.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/consolidated-consolide.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"chinese-rules-for-foreign-firms","heading":{"en":"Chinese export controls, entity lists and data rules","zh":"中国的出口管制、实体清单和数据规则"},"body":{"en":"Several Chinese regimes reach Canadian firms that buy from, sell to or operate in China. MOFCOM's [export control information site](https://exportcontrol.mofcom.gov.cn/) collects the laws, the list database and FAQs.\n\n- Dual-use exports: the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-Use Items (State Council Order 792) and a unified control list took effect on 2024-12-01. The Chinese exporter, not the foreign buyer, applies to MOFCOM. TCS says standard processing can take up to 45 working days and that end-user and end-use documents are required.\n- Critical minerals needing a MOFCOM licence: gallium and germanium items (from 2023-08-01), graphite items (2023-12-01), antimony and superhard materials (2024-09-15), and seven medium and heavy rare earths including alloys, oxides, compounds and magnets (Announcement 2025 No. 18, from 2025-04-04).\n- Suspended until 2026-11-10: Announcement 2025 No. 70 suspended Announcements 2025 No. 55 to 58, No. 61 (foreign-made items with 0.1% or more Chinese rare earth content) and No. 62.\n- Unreliable Entity List (MOFCOM Order 2020 No. 4): TechInsights Inc. and seven affiliates were listed on 2025-10-09. China also applied Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law countermeasures to two Canadian organizations, effective 2024-12-21.\n- Personal data: under the Personal Information Protection Law, cross-border transfers need a security assessment, a standard contract filing or certification. A common mistake is sending employee or customer data from China to Canadian servers without checking these routes.\n","zh":"对于从中国采购、向中国销售或在中国经营的加拿大企业，以下几项中国制度都有直接影响。商务部[中国出口管制信息网](https://exportcontrol.mofcom.gov.cn/)汇集了相关法律法规、清单数据库和常见问题解答。\n\n- 两用物项出口：《两用物项出口管制条例》（国务院令第792号）和统一的管制清单自2024-12-01起施行。出口许可由中国出口经营者向商务部申请，境外买方不能申请。TCS介绍，常规审批最长可达45个工作日，并需提交最终用户和最终用途证明文件。\n- 须申领商务部出口许可证的关键矿产：镓、锗相关物项（2023-08-01起），石墨相关物项（2023-12-01起），锑和超硬材料相关物项（2024-09-15起），以及七种中重稀土，包括合金、氧化物、化合物和磁材（公告2025年第18号，2025-04-04起）。\n- 暂停实施至2026-11-10：公告2025年第70号暂停实施公告2025年第55至58号、第61号（含中国原产稀土成分0.1%及以上的境外制造物项）和第62号。\n- 不可靠实体清单（商务部令2020年第4号）：TechInsights Inc.及其七家关联公司于2025-10-09被列入。中方还依据《反外国制裁法》对两家加拿大机构采取反制措施，自2024-12-21起生效。\n- 个人信息：根据《个人信息保护法》，个人信息出境须通过数据出境安全评估、订立并备案标准合同或个人信息保护认证三种途径之一。常见的疏漏是未核对这些途径，就把在华员工或客户的数据传到加拿大的服务器。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"中国出口管制信息网","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://exportcontrol.mofcom.gov.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/dwmygl/art/2024/art_6ed1d5c0336843c493bd45a1911eab17.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"TCS page on China's Export Control Law","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export/understanding-export-control-law.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"公告2023年第23号（镓、锗相关物项出口管制）","publisher":"商务部","url":"http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/dwmygl/art/2023/art_52b9a321087f402bb3d310d18b07967e.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"公告2023年第39号（石墨相关物项出口管制）","publisher":"商务部产业安全与进出口管制局","url":"https://aqygzj.mofcom.gov.cn/qdml/art/2023/art_28aca48820d94a1ca822047d6716c1d6.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"公告2024年第33号（锑、超硬材料相关物项出口管制）","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2024/art_a4711acb06364199a3c5a06d7f2be6d8.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"公告2025年第18号（七种中重稀土相关物项出口管制）","publisher":"商务部产业安全与进出口管制局","url":"https://aqygzj.mofcom.gov.cn/flzc/gzjgfxwj/art/2025/art_f3a1432ba20248eca12ff7b91bc73fda.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2025年第61号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_7fc9bff0fb4546ecb02f66ee77d0e5f6.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部 海关总署公告2025年第70号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_b1ec77dd3f0d4762952904df7cdaadec.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"不可靠实体清单工作机制关于将反无人机技术公司等外国实体列入不可靠实体清单的公告","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_9b662990fa4a4d26ba3984ab5d826960.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"关于对加拿大机构及人员采取反制措施的决定","publisher":"外交部","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/wjbxw_new/202412/t20241222_11514801.shtml","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国个人信息保护法","publisher":"国家互联网信息办公室","url":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/20/c_1631050028355286.htm","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"travel-and-entry","heading":{"en":"Business travel: the travel advisory and visa-free entry","zh":"商务出行：旅行建议与免签入境"},"body":{"en":"Canada's [travel advice for China](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china), last updated 2026-09-17, is \"Exercise a high degree of caution\", with regional advisories. It warns of arbitrary enforcement of local laws, exit bans on people involved in civil or criminal matters, broad national security laws, and detention of up to 37 days without formal charge in criminal investigations. Passports must be valid for six months on entry.\n\nOn visas, China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on 2026-02-15 that from 2026-02-17 to 2026-12-31 holders of Canadian ordinary passports may enter China without a visa for up to 30 days for business, tourism, family or friend visits, exchanges and transit. Anyone outside those conditions (longer stays, work, study, journalism, non-ordinary passports) still needs a visa. There is no official word yet on extension beyond 2026-12-31, so trips planned for 2027 should be checked against the Chinese notice closer to the date.\n\nThe exit ban warning matters to business travellers in particular, because it refers to civil matters as well as criminal ones. Read the advisory's section on laws before each trip, since it is updated often.\n","zh":"加拿大政府的[中国旅行建议](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china)最近一次更新为2026-09-17，风险级别为“高度谨慎”，部分地区另有提示。其中提到当地法律存在任意执法的情况，涉及民事或刑事案件的人员可能被限制出境，国家安全方面的法律适用范围较宽，刑事调查中未经正式指控的羁押最长可达37天。入境时护照有效期须在六个月以上。\n\n签证方面，中国外交部于2026-02-15宣布，2026-02-17至2026-12-31期间，持加拿大普通护照人员来华经商、旅游观光、探亲访友、交流访问、过境不超过30天，可免办签证入境。不符合上述条件的（停留时间更长、工作、学习、新闻采访、非普通护照）仍须办理签证。2026-12-31之后是否延期，目前没有官方消息，计划在2027年出行的，应在临近时再核对中方通知。\n\n限制出境的提示对商务人士尤其相关，因为它既涉及刑事案件，也涉及民事纠纷。旅行建议更新频繁，每次出行前应重新阅读其中的法律部分。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Travel advice and advisories for China","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"对加拿大、英国实施免签政策的通知","publisher":"外交部领事司","url":"https://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/202602/t20260215_11860470.shtml","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's remarks, 2026-02-15","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/fyrbt/202602/t20260215_11860467.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"before-you-ship-checklist","heading":{"en":"Before you ship: a checklist","zh":"发货前核对清单"},"body":{"en":"The steps below restate the checks described in this guide. Each one points to a rule and an official source, not to a business decision.\n\n1. Confirm the Chinese tariff line with the importer and look up the MFN rate, any additional tariff on Canadian goods ([Tariff Commission announcements](https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/)) and any anti-dumping duty (MOFCOM announcements).\n2. If the product is canola meal, peas, lobster or crab, note that the tariff suspension ends on 2026-12-31 and that no official text covers 2027.\n3. For food, confirm whether the product is in CIFER or under quarantine registration, check the establishment on the CIFER query site, and check that production dates fall after the registration approval date.\n4. Read the CFIA requirements library page for the commodity, including certificate form numbers and Chinese label content.\n5. For manufactured goods, check the CCC catalogue on the CNCA site; for cosmetics and medical devices, check NMPA requirements.\n6. Check trademark status in China, including the Chinese-character mark.\n7. Check the item against the Export Control List, and screen the buyer, consignee and end user against the Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List.\n8. Check whether any party appears on China's Unreliable Entity List, and whether personal data will leave China.\n9. Read the current travel advisory and confirm the visa-free conditions before booking travel.\n","zh":"以下步骤把本指南各部分的核对事项汇总在一起。每一步指向的是规则和官方出处，不涉及商业决策。\n\n1. 与进口商确认中国税则号，查清最惠国税率、对加拿大商品的加征关税（见[财政部关税司政策发布](https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/)）以及是否有反倾销税（见商务部公告）。\n2. 产品如为菜籽粕、豌豆、龙虾或蟹，注意暂停加征关税的期限到2026-12-31为止，2027年的安排尚无官方文件。\n3. 食品类产品，确认属于CIFER注册还是检疫注册登记，在CIFER查询网站核对企业注册状态，并确认生产日期在注册获批日期之后。\n4. 阅读CFIA出口要求资料库中对应商品的页面，包括证书表格编号和中文标签内容。\n5. 工业制成品，在认监委网站核对CCC目录；化妆品和医疗器械，核对NMPA的要求。\n6. 核对商标在中国的注册情况，包括中文商标。\n7. 对照《出口管制清单》核对物项，并对照《加拿大自主制裁综合清单》筛查买方、收货人和最终用户。\n8. 核对交易各方是否被列入中国不可靠实体清单，以及是否有个人信息需要出境。\n9. 订票前阅读最新的旅行建议，并确认免签入境的适用条件。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"政策发布","publisher":"财政部关税司","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Food export requirements library","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"进口食品境外生产企业注册信息","publisher":"海关总署","url":"https://ciferquery.singlewindow.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"A Guide to Canada's Export Control List (ECL)","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/consolidated-consolide.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Travel advice and advisories for China","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china","lang":"en","official":true}]}],"faq":[{"q":{"en":"What duty does China charge on Canadian canola seed in 2026?","zh":"2026年中国对加拿大油菜籽征收多少关税？"},"a":{"en":"Since 2026-03-01 the combined rate is 14.9%: the 9% MFN duty plus a final anti-dumping duty of 5.9% set by MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 14 for five years. The provisional deposit rate that applied from 2025-08-14 was 75.8%.","zh":"自2026-03-01起合计为14.9%：9%的最惠国税率，加上商务部公告2026年第14号确定的5.9%最终反倾销税（期限五年）。此前自2025-08-14起的临时反倾销保证金比率为75.8%。"}},{"q":{"en":"Are Canadian canola oil and pork still hit by China's extra tariffs?","zh":"加拿大菜籽油和猪肉现在还被中国加征关税吗？"},"a":{"en":"Yes. As of 2026-09-17 the additional 100% on Canadian canola oil and the additional 25% on pork and on aquatic products other than lobster and crab, in force since 2025-03-20, still apply. Tariff Commission Announcement 2026 No. 2 suspended only the tariffs on oil cake (canola meal), peas, lobster and crab.","zh":"是的。截至2026-09-17，自2025-03-20起对加拿大菜籽油加征的100%关税，以及对猪肉和龙虾、蟹以外水产品加征的25%关税仍在执行。税委会公告2026年第2号只暂停了对油渣饼（菜籽粕）、豌豆、龙虾和蟹的加征关税。"}},{"q":{"en":"When does China's tariff relief on Canadian canola meal, peas, lobster and crab end?","zh":"中国对加拿大菜籽粕、豌豆、龙虾和蟹暂停加征关税到什么时候？"},"a":{"en":"The suspension runs from 2026-03-01 to 2026-12-31 under Tariff Commission Announcement 2026 No. 2. No official text yet says what happens on 2027-01-01.","zh":"根据税委会公告2026年第2号，暂停期为2026-03-01至2026-12-31。2027-01-01之后如何安排，目前没有官方文件。"}},{"q":{"en":"Do I still register my food plant for China under GACC Decree 248?","zh":"食品工厂输华注册现在还按海关总署第248号令办理吗？"},"a":{"en":"No. GACC Decree 280 replaced Decree 248 on 2026-06-01. Registration still goes through the CIFER system, 17 food categories need a CFIA recommendation, and grains, oilseeds, dried beans and fresh vegetables moved to separate quarantine registration.","zh":"不是。海关总署令第280号自2026-06-01起取代第248号令。注册仍通过CIFER系统办理，17类食品需要CFIA官方推荐，粮食、油籽、干豆和新鲜蔬菜已改为单独的检疫注册登记。"}},{"q":{"en":"What anti-dumping rate does China apply to Canadian pea starch?","zh":"中国对加拿大豌豆淀粉的反倾销税率是多少？"},"a":{"en":"MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 25 set a preliminary anti-dumping deposit of 73.5% from 2026-07-01. It is not a final duty: Announcement 2026 No. 31 extended the investigation to 2027-02-12.","zh":"商务部公告2026年第25号初裁决定自2026-07-01起按73.5%收取反倾销保证金。这不是最终税率：公告2026年第31号已将调查期限延长至2027-02-12。"}},{"q":{"en":"Does my Canadian trademark protect my brand in China?","zh":"在加拿大注册的商标在中国受保护吗？"},"a":{"en":"No. China is first-to-file and a Canadian registration gives no rights there. CIPO's guide says to apply as early as possible, directly with CNIPA or through the Madrid System, and to register the Chinese-language version of the mark separately.","zh":"不受保护。中国实行申请在先原则，加拿大的商标注册在中国不产生权利。CIPO的指南提示尽早申请，可直接向国家知识产权局申请或通过马德里体系申请，并将中文商标另行注册。"}},{"q":{"en":"Do I need a Canadian export permit to ship to China or Hong Kong?","zh":"向中国内地或香港出口需要加拿大出口许可证吗？"},"a":{"en":"A permit is needed if the item is on Canada's Export Control List; the current guide is the January 2026 edition, effective 2026-05-01. China is not on the Area Control List (only North Korea is), and Notice to Exporters No. 1003 treats sensitive exports to Hong Kong the same way as those to China.","zh":"物项如列入加拿大《出口管制清单》，就需要许可证；现行指南为2026年1月版，自2026-05-01起生效。中国不在《地区管制清单》上（清单只列有朝鲜）；根据第1003号出口商通知，出口到香港的敏感货物与出口到中国内地的同等对待。"}},{"q":{"en":"Do Canadians need a visa for a business trip to China in 2026?","zh":"2026年加拿大人去中国出差需要签证吗？"},"a":{"en":"From 2026-02-17 to 2026-12-31 holders of Canadian ordinary passports can enter China visa-free for up to 30 days for business, tourism, family visits, exchanges and transit. Longer stays, work, study and journalism still need a visa, and no extension beyond 2026-12-31 has been announced.","zh":"2026-02-17至2026-12-31，持加拿大普通护照人员来华经商、旅游、探亲访友、交流访问、过境不超过30天可免签入境。停留时间更长或从事工作、学习、新闻采访的仍须办理签证；目前尚未宣布2026-12-31之后是否延期。"}}],"related_guides":["importing-from-china","investing-canada-china","security-defence-and-dual-use-trade"],"related_measures":["cn-canola-seed-antidumping","cn-pea-starch-antidumping","cn-tariff-suspension-2026","cn-retaliatory-tariffs-2025"]},{"slug":"importing-from-china","order":20,"reviewed":"2026-09-17","audience":{"en":"Canadian importers and Chinese suppliers selling into Canada","zh":"加拿大进口商和向加拿大供货的中国企业"},"title":{"en":"Importing from China into Canada: CARM, duties, surtaxes, permits and product rules","zh":"从中国进口到加拿大：CARM注册、关税、附加税、许可证和产品合规"},"description":{"en":"What importers and Chinese suppliers need to check for Canada in 2026: CARM, MFN duty, the EV permit quota, steel and aluminum surtaxes, SIMA duties and labelling.","zh":"2026年加拿大进口商和中国供应商需要核对的事项：CARM注册、最惠国税率、电动汽车进口许可证配额、钢铝附加税、反倾销税和标签要求。"},"summary":{"en":"Goods from China enter Canada at the most-favoured-nation rate, because China has had no General Preferential Tariff treatment since 2015 and there is no free trade agreement. On top of that rate sit surtaxes on steel and aluminum, anti-dumping and countervailing duties on a long list of products, and, since 2026-03-01, an import permit and quota for Chinese-made electric vehicles in place of the former 100% surtax. This guide sets out each rule, who administers it and where it is written. It is information, not legal advice.","zh":"中国自2015年起不再享受加拿大普遍优惠关税，两国也没有自由贸易协定，因此中国货物进入加拿大适用最惠国税率。在此之上，还有钢铝附加税、涉及多种产品的反倾销税和反补贴税；自2026-03-01起，中国产电动汽车不再征收100%附加税，改为进口许可证加配额管理。本指南逐项说明规则内容、主管机关和文件出处，仅供参考，不构成法律意见。"},"key_points":[{"en":"The importer itself must register in the CARM Client Portal and, since 2025-05-20, post its own financial security to get release before payment. A broker cannot do either on its behalf.","zh":"进口商必须自行在CARM客户门户注册；自2025-05-20起，要享受先放行后缴税，还须自行提供财务担保。这两件事报关行都不能代办。"},{"en":"China pays MFN, not GPT: the General Preferential Tariff was withdrawn for China on 2015-01-01 (SOR/2013-161).","zh":"中国货物适用最惠国税率，不适用普遍优惠关税：加拿大自2015-01-01起取消了对中国的普惠制待遇（SOR/2013-161）。"},{"en":"The 100% surtax on Chinese EVs was repealed on 2026-03-01. Each commercial shipment now needs an import permit within a 49,000-vehicle quota, at the 6.1% MFN duty. There is no above-quota route.","zh":"对中国电动汽车征收的100%附加税已于2026-03-01废止。现在每批商业进口都须在4.9万辆配额内申领进口许可证，按6.1%的最惠国税率纳税；配额用完后没有配额外进口的途径。"},{"en":"A 25% surtax applies to listed Chinese steel and aluminum, and also to goods from any country that contain steel melted and poured, or aluminum smelted and cast, in China.","zh":"清单所列的中国钢铝产品须缴纳25%附加税；来自任何国家的货物，只要所含钢材在中国熔炼和浇铸、或所含铝材在中国冶炼和铸造，同样适用25%附加税。"},{"en":"Anti-dumping and countervailing duties cover dozens of Chinese products and are paid by the importer. The CBSA Measures in Force list is the place to check.","zh":"反倾销税和反补贴税涉及数十种中国产品，由进口商缴纳。应查阅CBSA的现行措施清单。"},{"en":"Courier parcels from China are duty-free and tax-free only up to CAD 20. The CAD 40 and CAD 150 thresholds apply only to the United States and Mexico.","zh":"从中国寄来的快递包裹，免税免关税的限额只有20加元；40加元和150加元的门槛只适用于来自美国和墨西哥的快件。"}],"sections":[{"id":"register-bn-carm-rpp","heading":{"en":"Business number, CARM registration and financial security","zh":"商业号码、CARM注册和财务担保"},"body":{"en":"An importer needs a 9-digit business number (BN9) from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) and an import-export program account (RM), which together form the 15-character BN15. The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) sets out the full process in its [step-by-step guide to importing commercial goods](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-eng.html).\n\n- CARM: the importer itself must register in the CARM Client Portal. A customs broker cannot register on the importer's behalf. The first person to register becomes the Business Account Manager, and CBSA recommends at least two. Sign-in is by GCKey or Interac Sign-in Partner with multi-factor authentication.\n- Release Prior to Payment (RPP): to get goods released before paying duties and taxes, the importer must enrol in RPP and post its own financial security in the portal, either a cash deposit or a surety bond. A broker's security can no longer be used. The transition period ended on 2025-05-20 (Customs Notice 25-22). Importers without security pay at the time of release. Importers of only zero-rated goods remain eligible without security.\n- Non-resident importers, for example a Chinese supplier acting as importer of record, first obtain a BN from the CRA through the non-resident registration process, then register in CARM.\n\nThe importer of record remains liable for duties and taxes even when a broker is used. A common mistake is letting the broker \"handle CARM\".\n","zh":"进口商需要先向加拿大税务局（CRA）申请9位商业号码（BN9），并开设进出口项目账户（RM），两者合起来就是15位的BN15。加拿大边境服务局（CBSA）在其[商业货物进口分步指南](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-eng.html)中列出了完整流程。\n\n- CARM：进口商必须自行在CARM客户门户注册，报关行不能代为注册。第一个完成注册的人成为业务账户管理员，CBSA建议至少设两名。登录方式为GCKey或Interac合作机构登录，并须启用多重身份验证。\n- 先放行后缴税（RPP）：要在缴纳税款之前提货，进口商须加入RPP，并在门户中自行提供财务担保，形式为现金保证金或担保保函（surety bond）。报关行的担保已不能再用。过渡期已于2025-05-20结束（Customs Notice 25-22）。没有担保的进口商须在放行时缴清税款。只进口零税率货物的进口商无需担保，仍可享受RPP。\n- 非居民进口商（例如由中国供应商自己担任登记进口人）须先通过CRA的非居民企业注册程序取得商业号码，再到CARM注册。\n\n即使委托了报关行，税款的缴纳责任仍在登记进口人身上。常见的错误是以为CARM可以全部交给报关行办理。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Step-by-step guide to importing commercial goods into Canada","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Step 4: set up your business","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-4-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"CARM","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/border-services-agency/services/carm.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Register for the CARM Client Portal","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/border-services-agency/services/carm/register.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Customs Notice 25-22: End of Release Prior to Payment (RPP) Transition Period","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn25-22-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Register as a non-resident doing business in Canada","publisher":"Canada Revenue Agency","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/business-registration/business-number-program-account/how-register/non-resident.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Memorandum D17-5-2: Financial Security for Release Prior to Payment","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d17/d17-5-2-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"what-changed-2025-2026","heading":{"en":"What changed in 2025 and 2026","zh":"2025年和2026年的主要变化"},"body":{"en":"Several rules that importers of Chinese goods relied on in 2024 no longer apply. In date order:\n\n- 2025-05-20: the CARM transition period for Release Prior to Payment ended. Importers need their own financial security.\n- 2025-07-31: a 25% surtax on steel goods containing steel melted and poured in China, and aluminum goods containing aluminum smelted and cast in China, whatever the country of export. Mill test certificates or similar documents are required from 2025-09-22.\n- 2025-12-26: steel tariff rate quotas for non-FTA countries, including China, were set at 20% of 2024 import volumes with a 50% surtax above quota, and a 25% surtax began on listed steel derivative products from all countries.\n- 2026-01-30: the China surtax remission order was extended from 2025-12-31 to 2026-12-31 and widened (SOR/2026-14).\n- 2026-03-01: the 100% surtax on Chinese EVs was repealed and replaced by an import permit and a 49,000-vehicle quota at the 6.1% MFN duty. The second quota period opened on 2026-09-01.\n- 2026: the [Global Affairs Canada backgrounder](https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng) on the January 2026 arrangement says Canada will not impose the tariffs on Chinese solar products and semiconductors that were floated in 2024.\n- 2026: CBSA's proposed amendments to the Valuation for Duty Regulations were paused after a consultation that ran from 2025-12-03 to 2026-01-23.\n","zh":"进口中国货物的企业在2024年依据的几项规则已经不再适用。按时间顺序：\n\n- 2025-05-20：CARM先放行后缴税的过渡期结束，进口商须自行提供财务担保。\n- 2025-07-31：凡所含钢材在中国熔炼和浇铸的钢铁产品、所含铝材在中国冶炼和铸造的铝产品，不论从哪个国家出口，均加征25%附加税。自2025-09-22起须持有钢厂材质证明书或同类文件。\n- 2025-12-26：对包括中国在内的非自贸协定国家，钢铁关税配额定为2024年进口量的20%，超出配额部分征收50%附加税；同日起对来自所有国家的清单内钢铁衍生产品征收25%附加税。\n- 2026-01-30：对华附加税减免令的有效期由2025-12-31延长至2026-12-31，适用范围同时扩大（SOR/2026-14）。\n- 2026-03-01：对中国电动汽车的100%附加税废止，改为进口许可证加4.9万辆配额，按6.1%最惠国税率征税。第二个配额期已于2026-09-01开始。\n- 2026年：[加拿大全球事务部关于2026年1月安排的背景说明](https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng)表示，加方不会实施2024年曾提出的对中国太阳能产品和半导体加征关税的设想。\n- 2026年：CBSA拟议的《完税价格条例》修订在征求意见（2025-12-03至2026-01-23）之后已暂停推进。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Backgrounder - Preliminary Joint Arrangement on Addressing Bilateral Economic and Trade Issues between Canada and the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Customs Notice 25-22: End of Release Prior to Payment (RPP) Transition Period","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn25-22-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada's tariffs: Steel and aluminum","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-tariff-responses/canadas-tariffs-steel-aluminum.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Amending the China Surtax Remission Order (2024), No. 2 (SOR/2026-14)","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-02-11/html/sor-dors14-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Electric vehicle imports from China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Consultation on revised amendments to the Valuation for Duty Regulations","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/agency-agence/consult/consultations/2025-2-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"classification-and-mfn","heading":{"en":"Tariff classification and treatment: China pays MFN, not GPT","zh":"税则归类与税率待遇：中国适用最惠国税率，不适用普惠制"},"body":{"en":"Every product is classified under a 10-digit number in Canada's Customs Tariff; the first six digits are the international HS code. The current schedule is the Customs Tariff 2026, effective 2026-01-01, published by CBSA on its [Customs Tariff page](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/menu-eng.html).\n\nChina has not been eligible for the General Preferential Tariff (GPT) since 2015-01-01. The General Preferential Tariff Withdrawal Order (2013 GPT Review), SOR/2013-161, lists China among the countries withdrawn. Canada and China have no free trade agreement. Chinese goods therefore pay the most-favoured-nation (MFN) rate shown in the schedule, before any surtax or trade remedy duty.\n\nWhat to check:\n\n- The 10-digit classification, since the duty rate, surtax schedules and anti-dumping measures are all defined by product description and tariff item.\n- Whether an advance ruling would help. Importers can ask CBSA for a ruling on classification, origin or valuation.\n- The Canada Tariff Finder, a Government of Canada tool with BDC and EDC, for a quick look at rates by HS code and country.\n\nCommon mistakes are assuming that GPT still applies to China, or that a Canada-China free trade rate exists. Neither is the case, and older quotations or supplier price lists sometimes still reflect the GPT rate.\n","zh":"每种产品都要归入加拿大《海关税则》中的一个10位税号，前六位是国际通用的HS编码。现行税则为2026年版，自2026-01-01起生效，由CBSA在其[《海关税则》页面](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/menu-eng.html)发布。\n\n自2015-01-01起，中国不再享受加拿大普遍优惠关税（GPT）待遇。《普遍优惠关税取消令（2013年GPT审查）》（SOR/2013-161）把中国列入取消待遇的国家。加中之间也没有自由贸易协定。因此，中国货物按税则所列的最惠国税率纳税，附加税和贸易救济税另计。\n\n需要核对的事项：\n\n- 10位税号是否准确。税率、附加税清单和反倾销措施都是按产品描述和税号界定的。\n- 是否需要申请预裁定。进口商可就归类、原产地或完税价格向CBSA申请裁定。\n- 可用Canada Tariff Finder（加拿大政府与BDC、EDC合办的工具）按HS编码和国家快速查询税率。\n\n常见的错误是以为中国仍享受GPT税率，或者以为存在加中自贸协定税率。两者都不存在；一些旧报价单或供应商价目表可能仍按GPT税率计算。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Customs Tariff","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/menu-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"General Preferential Tariff Withdrawal Order (2013 GPT Review), SOR/2013-161","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2013-161/FullText.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Step 3: duties and taxes","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-3-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Rulings for tariff classification, valuation, origin, and marking","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/ar-da/menu-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada Tariff Finder","publisher":"Government of Canada, BDC and EDC","url":"https://www.tariffinder.ca/en/","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"electric-vehicles-permit-quota","heading":{"en":"Electric vehicles: import permit and quota instead of the 100% surtax","zh":"电动汽车：进口许可证和配额取代100%附加税"},"body":{"en":"The China Surtax Order (2024), SOR/2024-187, imposed a 100% surtax on Chinese EVs from 2024-10-01. SOR/2026-33, in force 2026-03-01, repealed it, and SOR/2026-32 added Chinese-origin EVs to the Import Control List. Global Affairs Canada administers the regime on its page [Electric vehicle imports from China](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng).\n\n- Every commercial shipment of covered vehicles needs a shipment-specific import permit. Without it CBSA rejects the entry (Customs Notice 26-05).\n- Quota year 1 (2026-03-01 to 2027-02-28) is 49,000 vehicles in two periods of 24,500; unused first-period volume rolls into the second. The quota grows 6.5% a year. Once it is used, no further permits are issued for that year.\n- In-quota vehicles pay only the 6.1% MFN duty.\n- Eligible applicants are Canadian-resident EV original equipment manufacturers, or Canadian-resident agents appointed by a non-resident manufacturer. Permits are first-come, first-served, can be requested up to 30 days before entry and are valid for up to 60 days.\n- Notice to Importers No. 1168 covers the second period from 2026-09-01.\n\nOfficial utilization data updated 2026-09-11 show 15,603 permits used in the first period and 15,763 of 49,000 used for the year to date. Non-commercial personal imports under Chapter 98 are exempt.\n","zh":"《对华附加税令（2024）》（SOR/2024-187）自2024-10-01起对中国电动汽车征收100%附加税。SOR/2026-33自2026-03-01起废止了这项附加税，同时SOR/2026-32把原产于中国的电动汽车列入《进口管制清单》。该制度由加拿大全球事务部负责，详见其[“自中国进口电动汽车”](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng)页面。\n\n- 每一批商业进口的涵盖车辆都须申领对应该批货物的进口许可证，否则CBSA不接受申报（Customs Notice 26-05）。\n- 第一个配额年度（2026-03-01至2027-02-28）为4.9万辆，分两期，每期2.45万辆；第一期未用完的数量结转到第二期。配额每年增长6.5%。当年配额用完后不再签发许可证。\n- 配额内车辆只缴纳6.1%的最惠国关税。\n- 申请人须为在加拿大居住的电动汽车整车制造商，或由非居民制造商指定的加拿大居民代理人。许可证先到先得，最早可在入境前30天申请，有效期最长60天。\n- 第1168号进口商通知适用于2026-09-01开始的第二期。\n\n官方配额使用数据（2026-09-11更新）显示，第一期共使用许可证15,603辆，本年度累计使用15,763辆（总量4.9万辆）。按税则第98章办理的非商业性个人进口不在管制范围内。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Electric vehicle imports from China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Notice to Importers Serial No. 1168","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/notices-avis/1168.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Notice to Importers Serial No. 1162","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/notices-avis/1162.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Customs Notice 26-05: Permit requirement to import Chinese-made electric vehicles to Canada","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn26-05-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Amending the Import Control List (2026-1), SOR/2026-32","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-03-11/html/sor-dors32-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Amending the China Surtax Order (2024), SOR/2026-33","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-03-11/html/sor-dors33-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Imports of electric vehicles from China: utilization report","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.eics-scei.gc.ca/report-rapport/Imports_of_electric_vehicles_from_China.htm","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"steel-and-aluminum-surtaxes","heading":{"en":"Surtaxes and quotas on Chinese steel and aluminum","zh":"针对中国钢铝的附加税和配额"},"body":{"en":"Several measures overlap. The Department of Finance page [Canada's tariffs: Steel and aluminum](https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-tariff-responses/canadas-tariffs-steel-aluminum.html) says they do not stack: only the highest-priority applicable measure applies to a given product.\n\n- China Surtax Order (2024), Schedule 2: a 25% surtax on listed steel and aluminum products originating in China, in force since 2024-10-22.\n- Steel Goods and Aluminum Goods Surtax Order: from 2025-07-31, a 25% surtax on steel goods from any country containing steel melted and poured in China, and on aluminum goods containing aluminum smelted and cast in China. From 2025-09-22 importers must hold mill test certificates or similar documents, not just invoices. Exemptions include US-origin goods and declarations under CAD 5,000. Surtax codes are 25154A (steel) and 25154B (aluminum).\n- Steel tariff rate quotas: since 2025-12-26, 20% of 2024 import volumes for non-FTA countries, which includes China, with a 50% surtax above quota.\n- Steel Derivative Goods Surtax Order: from 2025-12-26, 25% on listed steel derivative products from all countries.\n- Remission: the China Surtax Remission Order (2024) covers goods in short supply, contracts made before 2024-08-26 and exceptional circumstances. SOR/2026-14 extended it to 2026-12-31. Remission is not available for goods resold unchanged to the United States.\n\nA common mistake is buying steel goods from a third country without checking where the metal was melted.\n","zh":"这方面有几项措施同时存在。加拿大财政部[“加拿大的关税：钢铁和铝”](https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-tariff-responses/canadas-tariffs-steel-aluminum.html)页面说明，这些措施不叠加征收，同一产品只适用优先顺序最高的一项。\n\n- 《对华附加税令（2024）》附表2：对清单所列原产于中国的钢铁和铝产品征收25%附加税，自2024-10-22起实施。\n- 《钢铁产品和铝产品附加税令》：自2025-07-31起，来自任何国家的钢铁产品，只要所含钢材在中国熔炼和浇铸，以及所含铝材在中国冶炼和铸造的铝产品，征收25%附加税。自2025-09-22起，进口商须持有钢厂材质证明书或同类文件，仅有发票不够。豁免情形包括美国原产货物和申报价值低于5,000加元的货物。附加税代码为25154A（钢）和25154B（铝）。\n- 钢铁关税配额：自2025-12-26起，包括中国在内的非自贸协定国家的配额为2024年进口量的20%，超出配额部分征收50%附加税。\n- 《钢铁衍生产品附加税令》：自2025-12-26起，对来自所有国家的清单内钢铁衍生产品征收25%附加税。\n- 减免：《对华附加税减免令（2024）》适用于国内供应短缺的货物、2024-08-26之前签订的合同以及特殊情形。SOR/2026-14已将其有效期延长至2026-12-31。原样转售到美国的货物不能申请减免。\n\n常见的错误是从第三国采购钢铁制品，却没有核实钢材的熔炼地。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Canada's tariffs: Steel and aluminum","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-tariff-responses/canadas-tariffs-steel-aluminum.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"China Surtax Order (2024), SOR/2024-187","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2024-187/FullText.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Customs Notice 25-28: Steel Goods and Aluminum Goods Surtax Order","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn25-28-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Process for requesting remission of surtaxes that apply on certain goods from China","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/process-requesting-remission-surtaxes-that-apply-on-certain-goods-china.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Amending the China Surtax Remission Order (2024), No. 2 (SOR/2026-14)","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-02-11/html/sor-dors14-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Customs Notice 25-33: Steel Derivative Goods Surtax Order","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn25-33-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"sima-anti-dumping","heading":{"en":"Anti-dumping and countervailing duties under SIMA","zh":"《特别进口措施法》项下的反倾销税和反补贴税"},"body":{"en":"Under the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA), CBSA investigates dumping and subsidizing, and the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) decides whether Canadian producers are injured and runs expiry reviews. The duties are payable by the importer, in addition to regular duty and any surtax.\n\nThe place to check is CBSA's [Measures in Force](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/mif-mev/menu-eng.html) list, which was dated 2026-09-02 when this guide was reviewed. China is a subject country for dozens of products on it. Examples include aluminum extrusions, carbon steel welded pipe, concrete reinforcing bar, cold-rolled steel, corrosion-resistant steel sheet, fasteners, mattresses, upholstered domestic seating, photovoltaic modules and laminates, stainless steel sinks, steel wire, thermal paper rolls, decorative and other non-structural plywood, steel racks, container chassis and wind towers.\n\nWhat to check for each product:\n\n- Whether the goods fall within the product definition of a measure. The definition, not the HS code alone, decides coverage.\n- Which exporters have their own rates and what applies to all other exporters.\n- Whether an expiry review or re-investigation is under way.\n\nA common mistake is not checking SIMA measures before quoting a landed cost. Anti-dumping duty on items such as upholstered seating, mattresses, fasteners or solar modules can be far larger than the MFN duty.\n","zh":"根据《特别进口措施法》（SIMA），倾销和补贴由CBSA调查，加拿大国际贸易法庭（CITT）负责裁定国内产业是否受到损害，并主持期满复审。反倾销税和反补贴税由进口商缴纳，在普通关税和附加税之外另行征收。\n\n应查阅CBSA的[现行措施清单](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/mif-mev/menu-eng.html)，本指南核对时该页面日期为2026-09-02。清单中有数十种产品把中国列为涉案国，例如：铝型材、碳钢焊管、混凝土钢筋、冷轧钢板、耐腐蚀钢板、紧固件、床垫、软体家用座椅、光伏组件和层压件、不锈钢水槽、钢丝、热敏纸卷、装饰及其他非结构用胶合板、钢制货架、集装箱底盘车和风电塔筒。\n\n每种产品需要核对：\n\n- 货物是否落入某项措施的产品范围。决定是否涵盖的是产品定义，而不只是HS编码。\n- 哪些出口商有单独税率，其他出口商适用什么税率。\n- 是否正在进行期满复审或重新调查。\n\n常见的错误是在报到岸价之前没有查SIMA措施。软体座椅、床垫、紧固件、太阳能组件等产品的反倾销税可能远高于最惠国关税。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Measures in force","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/mif-mev/menu-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Anti-dumping and countervailing","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/menu-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canadian International Trade Tribunal","publisher":"Canadian International Trade Tribunal","url":"https://www.citt-tcce.gc.ca/en","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Special Import Measures Act","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/S-15/","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"forced-labour","heading":{"en":"Forced labour: the import prohibition and the annual report","zh":"强迫劳动：进口禁令和年度报告"},"body":{"en":"Two separate obligations apply.\n\nImport prohibition: tariff item 9897.00.00 prohibits goods mined, manufactured or produced wholly or in part by forced labour or prison labour. CBSA administers it under [Memorandum D9-1-6](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d9/d9-1-6-eng.html) and works with the Labour Program of Employment and Social Development Canada, which researches supply chains. An importer whose goods are detained can seek a tariff classification review under section 60 of the Customs Act, export the goods or abandon them.\n\nAnnual reporting: the Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act has been in force since 2024-01-01. An entity must report if it is listed on a Canadian stock exchange, or operates in Canada and meets at least two of three tests (CAD 20 million or more in assets, CAD 40 million or more in revenue, 250 or more employees), and it produces goods, imports goods into Canada, or controls an entity that does. Reports are due by May 31 each year for the previous financial year and are filed through Public Safety Canada's online questionnaire.\n\nCanadian subsidiaries of Chinese companies that import goods are covered on the same terms as any other entity. Common mistakes are missing the May 31 deadline, or assuming that a foreign parent's subsidiary is exempt.\n","zh":"这里有两项各自独立的义务。\n\n进口禁令：税号9897.00.00禁止进口全部或部分由强迫劳动或监狱劳动开采、制造或生产的货物。CBSA依据[D9-1-6备忘录](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d9/d9-1-6-eng.html)执行，并与加拿大就业和社会发展部劳工项目合作，由后者研究供应链情况。货物被扣留的进口商可以依据《海关法》第60条申请税则归类复核，也可以将货物退运出境或放弃货物。\n\n年度报告：《打击供应链中强迫劳动和童工法》自2024-01-01起施行。符合下列条件的实体须提交报告：在加拿大证券交易所上市，或者在加拿大经营并满足三项标准中的至少两项（资产2,000万加元以上、收入4,000万加元以上、员工250人以上）；同时该实体生产货物、向加拿大进口货物，或控制从事上述活动的实体。报告须在每年5月31日前就上一财政年度提交，通过加拿大公共安全部的在线问卷填报。\n\n中国企业在加拿大设立的、从事进口的子公司，与其他实体适用相同的标准。常见的错误是错过5月31日的期限，或者以为外国母公司的子公司可以豁免。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Memorandum D9-1-6: Goods manufactured or produced by prison or forced labour","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d9/d9-1-6-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Forced Labour in Canadian Supply Chains","publisher":"Public Safety Canada","url":"https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/frcd-lbr-cndn-spply-chns/index-en.aspx","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Reporting obligations","publisher":"Public Safety Canada","url":"https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/frcd-lbr-cndn-spply-chns/rprtng-blgtns-en.aspx","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Submit a report","publisher":"Public Safety Canada","url":"https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/frcd-lbr-cndn-spply-chns/sbmt-rprt-en.aspx","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/F-10.6/","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"product-safety-electrical-radio","heading":{"en":"Product safety, electrical certification and radio equipment","zh":"产品安全、电气认证和无线电设备"},"body":{"en":"Three regulators matter for most consumer and electronic goods from China, and none of them is CBSA.\n\n- Consumer product safety: under the [Canada Consumer Product Safety Act](https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/legislation-guidelines/acts-regulations/canada-consumer-product-safety-act.html), administered by Health Canada, the importer is treated like the manufacturer. Importers must not import or sell products that are a danger to human health or safety, must report incidents and defects (and foreign recalls) to Health Canada and the supplier, and must keep records identifying the supplier and the period and place of sale. Product-specific regulations (toys, children's jewellery, cribs, lighters, phthalates, surface coatings and others) sit under the Act. Health Canada's recalls database is useful for vetting a product type or supplier.\n- Electrical safety: certification marks are enforced by provincial and territorial electrical safety regulators, not by CBSA at the border. Ontario's Electrical Safety Authority publishes its list of [recognized certification marks](https://esasafe.com/electrical-products/recognized-certification-marks/) and field evaluation labels. It is official for Ontario only; other provinces have their own regulators.\n- Radio and telecom equipment: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), through its Certification and Engineering Bureau, handles certification of radio equipment and links to the Radio Equipment List search. Check that the exact model of any product with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular or RFID functions is listed.\n","zh":"从中国进口的大多数消费品和电子产品，主要涉及三个监管机构，而且都不是CBSA。\n\n- 消费品安全：[《加拿大消费品安全法》](https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/legislation-guidelines/acts-regulations/canada-consumer-product-safety-act.html)由加拿大卫生部执行，进口商的责任与制造商相同。进口商不得进口或销售危害人体健康或安全的产品，发生事故、发现缺陷（以及境外召回）时须向卫生部和供应商报告，并须保存能够识别供应商以及销售期间和地点的记录。该法之下还有针对具体产品的条例，如玩具、儿童首饰、婴儿床、打火机、邻苯二甲酸酯、表面涂层等。卫生部的召回数据库可用于了解某类产品或某个供应商的记录。\n- 电气安全：认证标志由各省和地区的电气安全监管机构执法，而不是由CBSA在口岸查验。安大略省电气安全局（ESA）公布了其[认可的认证标志](https://esasafe.com/electrical-products/recognized-certification-marks/)和现场评估标签清单。该清单只在安大略省具有官方效力，其他省份另有各自的监管机构。\n- 无线电和电信设备：加拿大创新、科学和经济发展部（ISED）的认证与工程局负责无线电设备认证，其页面提供无线电设备清单（REL）查询入口。带有Wi-Fi、蓝牙、蜂窝通信或RFID功能的产品，应核对具体型号是否已列入清单。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Canada Consumer Product Safety Act","publisher":"Health Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/legislation-guidelines/acts-regulations/canada-consumer-product-safety-act.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Find recalls, advisories and safety alerts","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/en","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Recognized certification marks","publisher":"Electrical Safety Authority (Ontario)","url":"https://esasafe.com/electrical-products/recognized-certification-marks/","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Certification and Engineering Bureau","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/certification-engineering-bureau/en","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"labelling-and-origin-marking","heading":{"en":"Bilingual labelling and country of origin marking","zh":"英法双语标签和原产地标记"},"body":{"en":"Labelling of non-food consumer goods is overseen by the Competition Bureau, whose [Labelling](https://competition-bureau.canada.ca/en/labelling) page links to the guides for each statute.\n\n- Prepackaged non-food consumer products must show product identity and net quantity in English and French, in metric units, plus the dealer's name and principal place of business.\n- Textile articles need fibre content in English and French and a dealer identity (name and address, or a CA number).\n- A one-year test-market exemption from bilingual labelling exists, with six weeks' prior notice to the Competition Bureau.\n\nCountry of origin marking is a separate customs rule, set out in CBSA Memorandum D11-3-1. Certain categories of goods (personal and household goods, hardware, novelties and sporting goods, paper products, apparel, horticultural products, and goods of steel or aluminum) must be marked with the country of origin in English or French. For non-CUSMA countries such as China, the origin for marking is where the goods were \"substantially manufactured\". Since 2020-07-01 CBSA issues National Customs Rulings, not advance rulings, on marking. Penalties can be civil (Customs Act section 109.1) or criminal (section 159.1). The phrase \"goods that originate in China\" in the China Surtax Order is defined by reference to these marking rules.\n\nCommon mistakes are English-only packaging, a missing dealer identity and missing fibre content labels on textiles.\n","zh":"非食品类消费品的标签由加拿大竞争局负责监管，其[“标签”](https://competition-bureau.canada.ca/en/labelling)页面链接到各部法律的指南。\n\n- 预包装的非食品类消费品须用英文和法文标明产品名称和净含量（公制单位），并标明经销商名称和主要营业地。\n- 纺织品须用英文和法文标明纤维成分，并标明经销商身份（名称和地址，或CA编号）。\n- 试销产品可享受为期一年的双语标签豁免，但须提前六周通知竞争局。\n\n原产地标记是另一项海关规则，见CBSA的D11-3-1备忘录。特定类别的货物（个人和家居用品、五金、新奇物品和体育用品、纸制品、服装、园艺产品以及钢铝制品）须用英文或法文标明原产国。对于中国等非CUSMA国家，标记所用的原产地是货物“实质性制造”的所在地。自2020-07-01起，CBSA就标记问题出具的是全国海关裁定，而不再是预裁定。违规可能面临民事处罚（《海关法》第109.1条）或刑事处罚（第159.1条）。《对华附加税令》中“原产于中国的货物”的定义也援引了这些标记规则。\n\n常见的错误包括包装只有英文、没有标明经销商身份、纺织品缺少纤维成分标签。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Labelling","publisher":"Competition Bureau Canada","url":"https://competition-bureau.canada.ca/en/labelling","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Guide to the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act and Regulations","publisher":"Competition Bureau Canada","url":"https://competition-bureau.canada.ca/en/guide-consumer-packaging-and-labelling-act-and-regulations","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Guide to the Textile Labelling and Advertising Regulations","publisher":"Competition Bureau Canada","url":"https://competition-bureau.canada.ca/en/guide-textile-labelling-and-advertising-regulations","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Memorandum D11-3-1: Marking of Imported Goods","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d11/d11-3-1-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"food-imports","heading":{"en":"Food imports: SFC licence, preventive controls and AIRS","zh":"食品进口：SFC许可证、预防性控制和AIRS"},"body":{"en":"Food is regulated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) under the Safe Food for Canadians Regulations. The CFIA [Food imports](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/importing-food-plants-animals/food-imports) page, dated 2026-09-01, is the starting point.\n\n- Most food importers need a Safe Food for Canadians (SFC) licence and a written preventive control plan, and must be able to trace products one step forward and one step back.\n- The licence number goes on the import declaration.\n- Non-resident importers can hold an SFC licence only in limited circumstances, which the CFIA page explains. This matters to Chinese suppliers that want to act as importer of record for food.\n- The Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) gives the import requirements by HS code, origin (China) and end use.\n- Meat from China is restricted to specific products and approved establishments.\n\nCommon mistakes are importing food without an SFC licence, or holding a licence that does not list importing as an activity for the right commodity. CBSA's guide also lists prohibited goods (used mattresses are one example) and points to the list of commodities that need permits from other departments, so the same check applies to non-food products that fall under another regulator.\n","zh":"食品由加拿大食品检验局（CFIA）依据《加拿大食品安全条例》监管。可以先看CFIA的[“食品进口”](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/importing-food-plants-animals/food-imports)页面（页面日期2026-09-01）。\n\n- 多数食品进口商需要持有加拿大食品安全（SFC）许可证，制定书面的预防性控制计划，并能做到向前一步、向后一步的追溯。\n- 进口申报时须填写许可证号码。\n- 非居民进口商只有在有限的情形下才能持有SFC许可证，具体条件见CFIA页面。中国供应商如想自己担任食品的登记进口人，需要留意这一点。\n- 自动进口参考系统（AIRS）可按HS编码、原产地（中国）和最终用途查询进口要求。\n- 来自中国的肉类只限于特定产品和获批企业。\n\n常见的错误是没有SFC许可证就进口食品，或者许可证上没有针对相应商品列明“进口”这项活动。CBSA的指南还列出了禁止进口的货物（例如旧床垫），并指向需要其他部门许可的商品清单；非食品类产品如果归其他部门监管，同样需要这样核对。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Food imports","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/importing-food-plants-animals/food-imports","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Automated Import Reference System (AIRS)","publisher":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/importing-food-plants-animals/airs","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Safe Food for Canadians Regulations","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2018-108/","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Step 2 of the step-by-step guide to importing commercial goods","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-2-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"valuation-gst-low-value","heading":{"en":"Customs value, related-party pricing, GST and low-value shipments","zh":"完税价格、关联方定价、GST和低价值货物"},"body":{"en":"Value for duty is normally the transaction value: the price paid or payable when the goods are sold for export to Canada to a purchaser in Canada, adjusted for items such as assists, royalties, commissions and freight to the place of direct shipment ([Memorandum D13-1-1](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d13/d13-1-1-eng.html)).\n\n- Related parties, for example a Chinese parent selling to its Canadian subsidiary, must show that the relationship did not influence the price. A transfer pricing study can help, but CBSA says a TNMM-based study alone may not be enough (Memorandum D13-4-5). Year-end transfer price adjustments, upward or downward, must be reported as corrections.\n- CBSA's proposed \"last sale\" and \"purchaser in Canada\" amendments were consulted on from 2025-12-03 to 2026-01-23, and CBSA says work on them is paused.\n- GST of 5% is collected by CBSA on most imports. GST registrants can normally claim it back as an input tax credit.\n- Courier and mail shipments from China are duty-free and tax-free only up to CAD 20. The CAD 40 (tax) and CAD 150 (duty) thresholds apply only to courier shipments from the United States and Mexico.\n- The Courier Low Value Shipment Program streamlines release for shipments valued at CAD 3,300 or less. It does not waive duties, and larger shipments cannot be split. Commercial goods of CAD 3,300 or less are accounted for by the 24th of the month after release.\n","zh":"完税价格通常按成交价格确定，即货物售予加拿大境内买方、出口到加拿大时实付或应付的价格，并就协助、特许权使用费、佣金以及运至直接发运地的运费等项目作出调整（见[D13-1-1备忘录](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d13/d13-1-1-eng.html)）。\n\n- 关联方交易（例如中国母公司卖给加拿大子公司）须证明关联关系没有影响价格。转让定价报告有帮助，但CBSA表示，仅凭以交易净利润法（TNMM）为基础的报告未必足够（D13-4-5备忘录）。年终转让定价调整不论调高还是调低，都须作为对申报价格的更正向海关报告。\n- CBSA曾就“最后一次销售”和“加拿大境内买方”的修订方案征求意见（2025-12-03至2026-01-23），目前表示该项工作已暂停。\n- CBSA对大多数进口货物代征5%的GST。已登记GST的企业通常可以将其作为进项税抵扣。\n- 从中国寄来的快递和邮件，免税免关税的限额只有20加元。40加元（税）和150加元（关税）的门槛只适用于来自美国和墨西哥的快件。\n- 快递低价值货物计划（CLVS）为完税价格不超过3,300加元的货物简化放行手续，但并不免除关税，超过限额的货物也不得拆分。价值不超过3,300加元的商业货物须在放行次月24日前完成申报核算。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Memorandum D13-1-1: Value for Duty of Imported Goods","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d13/d13-1-1-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Memorandum D13-4-5: Transaction value method for related persons","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d13/d13-4-5-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Consultation on revised amendments to the Valuation for Duty Regulations","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/agency-agence/consult/consultations/2025-2-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Step 3: duties and taxes","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-3-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Increase to low-value shipment thresholds and other changes","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/services/cusma-aceum/lvs-efv-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Courier Low Value Shipment Program","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/courier/lvs-efv/menu-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"before-you-ship-checklist","heading":{"en":"Before you ship: a checklist","zh":"发货前核对清单"},"body":{"en":"The steps below restate the checks in this guide for the importer and the Chinese supplier. Each one points to a rule and an official source, not to a business decision.\n\n1. Confirm who is the importer of record, that it has a BN15 and a CARM Client Portal account, and that its own financial security is posted if release before payment is wanted.\n2. Confirm the 10-digit classification in the [Customs Tariff](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/menu-eng.html) and the MFN rate.\n3. Check the CBSA Measures in Force list for anti-dumping or countervailing duty on the product.\n4. For steel or aluminum goods from any country, obtain mill test certificates showing where the metal was melted and poured, or smelted and cast, and check the surtax orders and any remission.\n5. For electric vehicles, confirm the import permit and the quota remaining before the vehicles ship.\n6. Check product rules: consumer product safety, recognized electrical certification marks in the province of sale, the Radio Equipment List, bilingual labels and country of origin marking.\n7. For food, confirm the SFC licence covers importing the commodity and look up the requirements in AIRS.\n8. Be able to support the declared value, including related-party pricing and year-end adjustments.\n9. Review forced labour risk in the supply chain and whether the annual report due May 31 applies.\n","zh":"以下步骤把本指南的核对事项汇总在一起，进口商和中国供应商都可以对照使用。每一步指向的是规则和官方出处，不涉及商业决策。\n\n1. 确认谁是登记进口人，是否已有BN15和CARM客户门户账户；如需先放行后缴税，是否已自行提供财务担保。\n2. 在[《海关税则》](https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/menu-eng.html)中确认10位税号和最惠国税率。\n3. 在CBSA现行措施清单中核对该产品是否有反倾销税或反补贴税。\n4. 钢铝制品不论从哪个国家进口，都要取得材质证明书，载明钢材的熔炼和浇铸地或铝材的冶炼和铸造地，并核对各项附加税令以及是否有减免。\n5. 电动汽车须在发运前确认进口许可证和剩余配额。\n6. 核对产品合规要求：消费品安全、销售所在省份认可的电气认证标志、无线电设备清单、英法双语标签和原产地标记。\n7. 食品类须确认SFC许可证涵盖该商品的进口活动，并在AIRS中查询进口要求。\n8. 确保申报价格有据可查，包括关联方定价和年终调整。\n9. 评估供应链中的强迫劳动风险，并确认是否需要在5月31日前提交年度报告。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Step-by-step guide to importing commercial goods into Canada","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Customs Tariff","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/menu-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Measures in force","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/mif-mev/menu-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada's tariffs: Steel and aluminum","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-tariff-responses/canadas-tariffs-steel-aluminum.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Electric vehicle imports from China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true}]}],"faq":[{"q":{"en":"Is there still a 100% tariff on Chinese electric vehicles in Canada?","zh":"加拿大对中国电动汽车还征收100%的关税吗？"},"a":{"en":"No. The 100% surtax was repealed effective 2026-03-01 by SOR/2026-33. Chinese-made EVs now need a shipment-specific import permit from Global Affairs Canada within an annual quota, and in-quota vehicles pay the 6.1% MFN duty.","zh":"不征收了。SOR/2026-33自2026-03-01起废止了100%附加税。现在中国产电动汽车须在年度配额内向加拿大全球事务部逐批申领进口许可证，配额内车辆按6.1%的最惠国税率纳税。"}},{"q":{"en":"How many Chinese EVs can be imported into Canada in 2026?","zh":"2026年加拿大允许进口多少辆中国电动汽车？"},"a":{"en":"The first quota year, 2026-03-01 to 2027-02-28, is 49,000 vehicles in two periods of 24,500, with unused first-period volume carried into the second. Official data updated 2026-09-11 showed 15,763 of 49,000 used. Once the quota is used no more permits are issued for that year.","zh":"第一个配额年度（2026-03-01至2027-02-28）为4.9万辆，分两期，每期2.45万辆，第一期未用完的数量结转到第二期。2026-09-11更新的官方数据显示已使用15,763辆。配额用完后，当年不再签发许可证。"}},{"q":{"en":"What surtax does Canada charge on Chinese steel and aluminum?","zh":"加拿大对中国钢铁和铝征收多少附加税？"},"a":{"en":"A 25% surtax on listed steel and aluminum products originating in China has applied since 2024-10-22, and since 2025-07-31 a 25% surtax also applies to goods from any country containing steel melted and poured, or aluminum smelted and cast, in China. The Department of Finance says the measures do not stack.","zh":"自2024-10-22起，对清单所列原产于中国的钢铝产品征收25%附加税；自2025-07-31起，来自任何国家的货物，只要所含钢材在中国熔炼和浇铸或所含铝材在中国冶炼和铸造，也征收25%附加税。加拿大财政部说明这些措施不叠加征收。"}},{"q":{"en":"Do goods from China get the General Preferential Tariff in Canada?","zh":"中国货物在加拿大还能享受普惠制关税吗？"},"a":{"en":"No. China was withdrawn from the General Preferential Tariff on 2015-01-01 under SOR/2013-161, and there is no Canada-China free trade agreement, so Chinese goods pay the MFN rate.","zh":"不能。根据SOR/2013-161，加拿大自2015-01-01起取消了对中国的普遍优惠关税待遇；加中之间也没有自由贸易协定，因此中国货物适用最惠国税率。"}},{"q":{"en":"What is the duty-free limit for parcels shipped from China to Canada?","zh":"从中国寄到加拿大的包裹，免税限额是多少？"},"a":{"en":"CAD 20, for both courier and mail. The CAD 40 tax threshold and CAD 150 duty threshold apply only to courier shipments from the United States and Mexico.","zh":"20加元，快递和邮件都一样。40加元（税）和150加元（关税）的门槛只适用于来自美国和墨西哥的快件。"}},{"q":{"en":"Can my customs broker register in CARM and post security for me?","zh":"报关行可以替我注册CARM并提供担保吗？"},"a":{"en":"No. The importer must register itself in the CARM Client Portal, and since the transition period ended on 2025-05-20 it must post its own financial security to use Release Prior to Payment. A broker's security can no longer be used.","zh":"不可以。进口商必须自行在CARM客户门户注册；过渡期已于2025-05-20结束，此后要使用先放行后缴税，必须自行提供财务担保，报关行的担保不能再用。"}},{"q":{"en":"Can a Chinese company be the importer of record in Canada?","zh":"中国公司可以在加拿大做登记进口人吗？"},"a":{"en":"Yes, as a non-resident importer. It first obtains a business number from the Canada Revenue Agency through the non-resident registration process, then registers in the CARM Client Portal, and it is liable for the duties and taxes. For food, CFIA allows non-residents to hold an SFC licence only in limited circumstances.","zh":"可以，以非居民进口商的身份。先通过加拿大税务局的非居民企业注册程序取得商业号码，再到CARM客户门户注册，并承担税款缴纳责任。食品方面，CFIA只在有限的情形下允许非居民持有SFC许可证。"}},{"q":{"en":"Who has to file a forced labour supply chain report in Canada, and when?","zh":"哪些企业需要在加拿大提交供应链强迫劳动报告？什么时候交？"},"a":{"en":"An entity that produces or imports goods and is listed on a Canadian stock exchange, or operates in Canada and meets two of three tests (CAD 20 million in assets, CAD 40 million in revenue, 250 employees). Reports are due by May 31 each year through Public Safety Canada's online questionnaire.","zh":"生产或进口货物的实体，如在加拿大证券交易所上市，或在加拿大经营并满足三项标准中的两项（资产2,000万加元、收入4,000万加元、员工250人），就需要提交。报告须在每年5月31日前通过加拿大公共安全部的在线问卷填报。"}}],"related_guides":["exporting-to-china","investing-canada-china","security-defence-and-dual-use-trade"],"related_measures":["ca-ev-import-quota"]},{"slug":"investing-canada-china","order":30,"reviewed":"2026-09-17","audience":{"en":"Chinese investors entering Canada and Canadian investors entering China","zh":"拟进入加拿大的中国投资者，以及拟进入中国的加拿大投资者"},"title":{"en":"Investing between Canada and China: screening rules, market access and business travel","zh":"加中双向投资：审查规则、市场准入与商务出行"},"description":{"en":"How Canada screens Chinese investment, how China's Negative List treats Canadian investors, the FIPA and tax treaty, and the 2026 rules for business travel.","zh":"加拿大如何审查中国投资，中国负面清单如何适用于加拿大投资者，加中投资保护协定与税收协定要点，以及2026年双方商务出行的签证规则。"},"summary":{"en":"Investment rules were not loosened by the 2026 thaw in Canada-China relations. Canada still requires a filing for every acquisition of control and every new business by a non-Canadian, and can open a national security review of an investment of any size. China still applies its 2024 Negative List and has published new measures to attract foreign investment. This guide sets out the rules for each direction separately, then the visa rules for business travel, with a link to the official page for every point.","zh":"2026年加中关系回暖并未放宽双方的投资规则。在加拿大，非加拿大投资者每一次取得控制权的收购和每一次新设企业都须申报，任何规模的投资都可能被启动国家安全审查。在中国，2024年版外商投资准入负面清单继续适用，同时出台了新的稳外资措施。本指南按两个投资方向分别说明规则，再介绍商务出行的签证安排，每一要点均附官方页面链接。"},"key_points":[{"en":"Under the Investment Canada Act, every acquisition of control of a Canadian business and every new Canadian business by a non-Canadian must be filed. National security review has no value threshold and can reach minority stakes.","zh":"根据《加拿大投资法》，非加拿大投资者取得加拿大企业控制权或新设加拿大企业，均须申报。国家安全审查不设金额门槛，少数股权投资也可能被审查。"},{"en":"2026 net benefit review thresholds: CAD 1.452 billion in enterprise value for private investors from WTO members such as China, and CAD 578 million in asset value for state-owned enterprise investors.","zh":"2026年净效益审查门槛：来自中国等世贸组织成员的非国有投资者为企业价值14.52亿加元；国有企业投资者为资产价值5.78亿加元。"},{"en":"The mandatory pre-implementation filing for sensitive sectors created by Bill C-34 is enacted but, according to ISED's page last updated 2025-08-21, is not yet in force because the regulations have not been made.","zh":"C-34号法案设立的敏感行业交割前强制申报制度已经立法，但据加拿大创新、科学和经济发展部（ISED）2025-08-21更新的页面，配套条例尚未出台，该制度尚未生效。"},{"en":"China's latest national Negative List for foreign investment is the 2024 Edition, in force since 2024-11-01. Searches on 2026-09-17 found no newer national edition.","zh":"中国现行的全国版外商投资准入负面清单为2024年版，自2024-11-01起施行。本站于2026-09-17检索，未发现更新的全国版本。"},{"en":"The Canada-China investment agreement (FIPA) has been in force since 2014, and decisions under the Investment Canada Act on whether to permit an investment are excluded from its dispute settlement. The 1986 tax treaty caps withholding tax on dividends at 10% or 15%, and on interest and royalties at 10%.","zh":"加中投资保护协定（FIPA）自2014年起生效，但依据《加拿大投资法》作出的是否准许投资的决定不适用其争端解决机制。1986年的加中税收协定将股息预提税上限定为10%或15%，利息和特许权使用费为10%。"},{"en":"Until 2026-12-31, holders of ordinary Canadian passports can enter China visa-free for up to 30 days, including for business. A Canadian visitor visa for a Chinese traveller is valid for at most 10 years, and the officer decides the actual validity.","zh":"在2026-12-31之前，持加拿大普通护照人员可免签入境中国，停留不超过30天，商务活动在适用范围内。中国公民申请的加拿大访客签证最长有效期为10年，实际有效期由签证官决定。"}],"sections":[{"id":"where-things-stand-2026","heading":{"en":"Where the investment relationship stands in 2026","zh":"2026年加中投资关系的现状"},"body":{"en":"Canada and China announced a new Strategic Partnership in the [joint statement of 2026-01-16](https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting). The Prime Minister's Office lists five pillars: energy, economic and trade cooperation, public safety and security, multilateralism, and culture and people-to-people ties. The statement also welcomed the third extension of the currency swap arrangement between the Bank of Canada and the People's Bank of China.\n\nSeveral economic channels were restored or created. The Economic and Trade Cooperation Roadmap makes the Joint Economic and Trade Commission a mechanism led by the trade ministers that meets at least once a year. On 2026-04-03 the two sides launched a Canada-China Financial Working Group, and China's State Council reports that both sides agreed to hold the Economic and Financial Strategic Dialogue in the second half of 2026.\n\nNone of this changed the screening rules on either side. The Investment Canada Act, including national security review, applies in full, and ISED described its minister's June 2026 trip to China as advancing commercial opportunities \"with appropriate guardrails\". China continues to apply its Negative List. The sections below cover each direction separately, then business travel.\n","zh":"加中两国在[2026-01-16的联合声明](https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting)中宣布建立新型战略伙伴关系。加拿大总理办公室列出的五大支柱为：能源、经贸合作、公共安全与安保、多边主义、文化与人文交流。声明还对加拿大银行与中国人民银行第三次续签货币互换安排表示欢迎。\n\n多项经济对话机制得到恢复或新设。《加中经贸合作路线图》将经贸联委会升级为由两国贸易部长牵头的机制，每年至少举行一次会议。2026-04-03，双方启动加中金融工作组；中国国务院网站的消息称，双方同意在2026年下半年举行经济财金战略对话。\n\n但这些进展并未改变任何一方的投资审查规则。《加拿大投资法》及其国家安全审查照常适用；ISED在说明其部长2026年6月访华行程时表示，将在“适当的护栏”之下推进商业机会。中国方面继续适用负面清单。以下各节先分别说明两个投资方向，再介绍商务出行。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Joint Statement of the Canada-China Leaders' Meeting","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Roadmap","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/canada-china-economic-and-trade-cooperation-roadmap","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Minister Champagne concludes productive visit to the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2026/04/minister-champagne-concludes-productive-visit-to-the-peoples-republic-of-china-advances-canadian-trade-and-financial-services-partnerships.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"State Council news item on the finance ministers' meeting, 2026-04-03","publisher":"State Council of the People's Republic of China","url":"https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202604/03/content_WS69cfbd2ec6d00ca5f9a0a3f4.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Minister Joly to travel to China and Japan to advance Canadian interests abroad","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/06/minister-joly-to-travel-to-china-and-japan-to-advance-canadian-interests-abroad.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"canada-who-must-file","heading":{"en":"Into Canada: who must file under the Investment Canada Act","zh":"投资加拿大：哪些交易须依《加拿大投资法》申报"},"body":{"en":"The [Investment Canada Act](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en) (ICA) is administered by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED). A non-Canadian that acquires control of a Canadian business, or establishes a new Canadian business, must file either a notification or, if the transaction is above a review threshold, an application for review.\n\nTwo points are often missed:\n\n- National security review is separate from the thresholds. It can apply to an investment of any size, including a minority stake.\n- The government can review an investment that was not notified for up to five years after it was implemented.\n\nThe ICA treats state-owned enterprises differently from private investors, and its definition of a state-owned enterprise includes an entity that is influenced, directly or indirectly, by a foreign government. A company that regards itself as private can therefore still be assessed as state-influenced. The consolidated text of the Act is on the Justice Laws website.\n","zh":"[《加拿大投资法》](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en)（Investment Canada Act，简称ICA）由加拿大创新、科学和经济发展部（ISED）负责执行。非加拿大投资者取得加拿大企业的控制权，或在加拿大新设企业，必须提交备案通知；交易金额超过审查门槛的，须提交审查申请。\n\n有两点常被忽略：\n\n- 国家安全审查独立于金额门槛，任何规模的投资都可能被审查，包括少数股权投资。\n- 对未申报的投资，政府可在投资实施后五年内启动审查。\n\n该法对国有企业和非国有投资者适用不同规则，而其“国有企业”的定义包括直接或间接受外国政府影响的实体。因此，自认为是民营企业的投资者，仍可能被认定为受国家影响。该法的现行合并文本见加拿大司法部法规网站。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Investment Canada Act","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Guidelines on the National Security Review of Investments","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/guidelines/guidelines-national-security-review-investments","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Thresholds","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/thresholds","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Investment Canada Act (consolidated text)","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-21.8/","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"canada-thresholds-2026","heading":{"en":"Into Canada: net benefit review thresholds for 2026","zh":"投资加拿大：2026年净效益审查门槛"},"body":{"en":"An acquisition of control above the applicable threshold needs an application for review, and the Minister must be satisfied that it is of net benefit to Canada. ISED's [Thresholds page](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/thresholds) (dated 2026-01-26) gives these figures for 2026:\n\n- Investors from WTO members that are not state-owned enterprises: CAD 1.452 billion in enterprise value. China is a WTO member, so this is the threshold for private Chinese investors.\n- Trade agreement investors (for example under CUSMA, the CPTPP or CETA): CAD 2.179 billion in enterprise value. China does not qualify.\n- State-owned enterprise investors from WTO members: CAD 578 million in asset value. This is the threshold for Chinese state-owned enterprises.\n- Non-WTO investors, and any acquisition of a cultural business: CAD 5 million in asset value for a direct acquisition and CAD 50 million for an indirect one.\n\nThe thresholds are revised every year, so check the page for the year in which the transaction will close. Below the threshold a notification is still required, and national security review still applies.\n","zh":"取得控制权的交易如超过适用门槛，须提交审查申请，并须使部长认定该投资对加拿大具有“净效益”。ISED的[门槛页面](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/thresholds)（页面日期2026-01-26）公布的2026年数字如下：\n\n- 来自世贸组织成员的非国有企业投资者：企业价值14.52亿加元。中国是世贸组织成员，中国民营投资者适用这一门槛。\n- 贸易协定投资者（例如《加美墨协定》、CPTPP、CETA项下的投资者）：企业价值21.79亿加元。中国投资者不适用。\n- 来自世贸组织成员的国有企业投资者：资产价值5.78亿加元。中国国有企业适用这一门槛。\n- 非世贸组织成员投资者，以及任何收购文化企业的交易：直接收购为资产价值500万加元，间接收购为5000万加元。\n\n门槛每年调整，应以交易交割当年的页面为准。未达门槛的交易仍须提交备案通知，国家安全审查同样适用。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Thresholds","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/thresholds","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"canada-national-security-review","heading":{"en":"Into Canada: national security review and the status of Bill C-34","zh":"投资加拿大：国家安全审查与C-34号法案的生效情况"},"body":{"en":"The [Guidelines on the National Security Review of Investments](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/guidelines/guidelines-national-security-review-investments) were updated in March 2025 to add economic security. The factors listed include defence capabilities, transfer of sensitive technology, critical minerals and critical infrastructure, the supply of critical goods, access to sensitive personal data (health, biometric, financial, geolocation), and the potential for surveillance or espionage. All investments by state-owned or state-influenced investors receive enhanced scrutiny regardless of value.\n\nThe guidelines encourage investors to file at least 45 days before closing, or 75 days if a net benefit review also applies.\n\nBill C-34 amended the ICA. ISED's [Modernization page](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/modernization) (last updated 2025-08-21) says that since 2024-09-03 the Minister can extend national security reviews, impose interim conditions during a review, accept binding undertakings, and share more information with allies. It says that three changes still await regulations: the pre-implementation filing requirement for investments in prescribed sensitive sectors, higher penalties, and a new net benefit review power for state-owned enterprise investments. This site found no official notice, as of 2026-09-17, that those regulations have been made.\n","zh":"[《投资国家安全审查指引》](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/guidelines/guidelines-national-security-review-investments)于2025年3月更新，增加了“经济安全”因素。指引列举的考虑因素包括：国防能力、敏感技术转移、关键矿产和关键基础设施、关键物资供应、对敏感个人数据（健康、生物识别、金融、地理位置）的获取，以及被用于监视或间谍活动的可能性。凡国有投资者或受国家影响的投资者，无论投资金额大小，均适用更严格的审查。\n\n指引建议投资者至少在交割前45天提交申报；同时涉及净效益审查的，建议提前75天。\n\nC-34号法案修订了《加拿大投资法》。ISED的[“现代化”页面](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/modernization)（最近更新于2025-08-21）说明：自2024-09-03起，部长可延长国家安全审查期限、在审查期间附加临时条件、接受有约束力的承诺，并与盟国加强信息共享。该页面同时说明，以下三项仍待配套条例出台：特定敏感行业投资的交割前申报要求、更高的罚则，以及针对国有企业投资的新的净效益审查权。截至2026-09-17，本站未发现有关条例已经制定的官方公告。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Guidelines on the National Security Review of Investments","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/guidelines/guidelines-national-security-review-investments","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Modernization","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/modernization","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"canada-sensitive-sectors","heading":{"en":"Into Canada: critical minerals and interactive digital media","zh":"投资加拿大：关键矿产与互动数字媒体"},"body":{"en":"Two published policies single out sectors in which Chinese investors have been active.\n\n**Critical minerals.** The [Policy Regarding Foreign Investments from State-Owned Enterprises in Critical Minerals](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/policy-regarding-foreign-investments-state-owned-enterprises-critical-minerals-under-investment) of 2022-10-28 says that an acquisition of control of a Canadian critical minerals business by a state-owned enterprise will be approved as being of net benefit only on an exceptional basis. It also says that any investment in the sector by a state-owned enterprise, of any size, supports reasonable grounds for a national security review. Five days later, on 2022-11-02, three Chinese investors were ordered to divest from Canadian lithium companies (see the next section).\n\n**Interactive digital media.** Canadian Heritage's policy statement of 2024-03-15 covers foreign investment in video games and similar businesses. It focuses on keeping Canadian-owned intellectual property and adds scrutiny of investors under foreign state influence. Undertakings on creative independence and reporting may be required.\n\nBoth policies are applied together with the national security guidelines in the previous section, whose factors also cover sensitive technology and personal data.\n","zh":"加拿大有两项公开政策专门针对中国投资者较为活跃的行业。\n\n**关键矿产。**2022-10-28发布的[《关于外国国有企业投资关键矿产的政策》](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/policy-regarding-foreign-investments-state-owned-enterprises-critical-minerals-under-investment)规定：国有企业收购加拿大关键矿产企业控制权的交易，只有在例外情况下才会被认定具有净效益而获批准；国有企业在该行业的任何投资，无论规模大小，均构成启动国家安全审查的合理理由。政策发布五天后，即2022-11-02，三家中国投资者被责令撤出对加拿大锂矿公司的投资（见下一节）。\n\n**互动数字媒体。**加拿大文化遗产部2024-03-15的政策声明适用于外资投资电子游戏等互动数字媒体企业，重点是保留加拿大人拥有的知识产权，并加强对受外国政府影响的投资者的审查，可能要求投资者就创作独立性和定期报告作出承诺。\n\n这两项政策与上一节的国家安全审查指引一并适用，指引所列因素同样涵盖敏感技术和个人数据。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Policy Regarding Foreign Investments from State-Owned Enterprises in Critical Minerals under the Investment Canada Act","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/policy-regarding-foreign-investments-state-owned-enterprises-critical-minerals-under-investment","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Policy statement on foreign investment in the interactive digital media sector","publisher":"Canadian Heritage","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/cultural-sector-investment-review/policy-foreign-investment-idm-sector.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"canada-decisions-and-statistics","heading":{"en":"Into Canada: published national security orders and the latest statistics","zh":"投资加拿大：已公布的国家安全命令与最新统计"},"body":{"en":"ISED publishes final orders on its [National security decisions page](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions). Entries involving Chinese investors include:\n\n- 2022-11-02: Sinomine (Hong Kong) Rare Metals Resources ordered to divest from Power Metals Corp.; Chengze Lithium International from Lithium Chile Inc.; Zangge Mining Investment (Chengdu) from Ultra Lithium Inc.\n- 2024-05-24: Bluvec Technologies Inc. and Pegauni Technology Inc. ordered dissolved and to cease Canadian operations.\n- 2024-11-06: wind-up of TikTok Technology Canada, Inc. ordered. The app itself was not banned.\n- 2025-06-27: wind-up of Hikvision Canada, Inc. ordered.\n- 2026-03-09: after a further review, TikTok Technology Canada's investment was allowed to proceed subject to new legally binding undertakings, including data security gateways, independent third-party auditing of data access, protections for minors and a physical presence in Canada.\n\nThe ICA annual report for fiscal 2024-25 (published 2026-02-16) records 1,138 filings worth CAD 132.5 billion. Thirty investments went to extended national security review, up from 26. Outcomes: 14 no further action, 9 withdrawn, 6 cleared on undertakings, 1 wind-up or divestiture. China including Hong Kong accounted for 44 filings (3.9%) and CAD 2.231 billion in asset value, and for 12 of the 30 extended reviews (5 undertakings, 5 withdrawals, 2 no further action).\n","zh":"ISED在其[“国家安全决定”页面](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions)公布最终命令。涉及中国投资者的条目包括：\n\n- 2022-11-02：责令Sinomine (Hong Kong) Rare Metals Resources撤出对Power Metals Corp.的投资，Chengze Lithium International撤出对Lithium Chile Inc.的投资，Zangge Mining Investment (Chengdu)撤出对Ultra Lithium Inc.的投资（公司名称按加方命令原文列出）。\n- 2024-05-24：责令Bluvec Technologies Inc.和Pegauni Technology Inc.解散并停止在加拿大的经营。\n- 2024-11-06：责令TikTok Technology Canada, Inc.清盘。TikTok应用本身未被禁用。\n- 2025-06-27：责令海康威视加拿大公司（Hikvision Canada, Inc.）清盘。\n- 2026-03-09：经进一步审查，准许TikTok Technology Canada的投资继续进行，但须遵守新的具有法律约束力的承诺，包括数据安全网关、由独立第三方审计数据访问、未成年人保护以及在加拿大保留实体机构。\n\n《加拿大投资法》2024-25财年年度报告（2026-02-16发布）显示：全年共收到1138件申报，总价值1325亿加元；30项投资进入延长的国家安全审查，上一财年为26项。结果为：14项不再采取行动，9项撤回，6项在作出承诺后放行，1项被责令清盘或撤资。来自中国（含香港）的申报为44件，占3.9%，资产价值22.31亿加元；30项延长审查中有12项涉及中国投资者（5项作出承诺，5项撤回，2项不再采取行动）。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"National security decisions","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Minister Joly's statement on the outcome of the further national security review of TikTok Technology Canada, Inc.","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/03/minister-jolys-statement-on-the-outcome-of-the-further-national-security-review-of-tiktok-technology-canada-inc-under-the-investment-canada-act.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Investment Canada Act Annual Report 2024-2025","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/home/annual-report-2024-2025","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"china-negative-list","heading":{"en":"Into China: the Foreign Investment Law, the Negative List and the Encouraged Catalogue","zh":"投资中国：《外商投资法》、负面清单与鼓励类目录"},"body":{"en":"Foreign investment in China is governed by the Foreign Investment Law and its Implementing Regulations. The Chinese texts are on the MOFCOM and State Council websites listed below.\n\nMarket access is defined by a negative list. The current national list is the [Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2024 Edition)](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/zgdwjjmywg/art/2025/art_b4d7cf1aff0a414680acc9bc9a481bc1.html), issued as Order No. 23 of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM). It was published on 2024-09-06, took effect on 2024-11-01 and replaced the 2021 edition. Searches by this site on 2026-09-17 found no 2025 or 2026 national edition, so a Canadian investor checking whether a sector is prohibited or restricted should read the 2024 text.\n\nNDRC and MOFCOM have also issued a 2025 Edition of the Catalogue of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment. This site confirmed that the order is published at the links below, but did not confirm its effective date, item counts or the incentives attached to it from the order text, so those details are not stated here.\n\nAll three documents are in Chinese only. No official English version was confirmed.\n","zh":"外商在华投资适用《中华人民共和国外商投资法》及其实施条例，中文文本见下列商务部和国务院网站链接。\n\n市场准入实行负面清单管理。现行全国版清单为[《外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）（2024年版）》](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/zgdwjjmywg/art/2025/art_b4d7cf1aff0a414680acc9bc9a481bc1.html)，以国家发展改革委、商务部2024年第23号令发布，2024-09-06公布，自2024-11-01起施行，同时取代2021年版。本站于2026-09-17检索，未发现2025年版或2026年版全国清单。因此，加拿大投资者核查某一行业是否属于禁止或限制类时，应以2024年版文本为准。\n\n国家发展改革委和商务部还发布了《鼓励外商投资产业目录（2025年版）》。本站确认该目录已在下列链接公布，但未能从目录文本中核实其施行日期、条目数量及相应优惠政策，故此处不作表述。\n\n上述三份文件均只有中文文本，本站未发现官方英文版。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）（2024年版）","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/zgdwjjmywg/art/2025/art_b4d7cf1aff0a414680acc9bc9a481bc1.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国外商投资法","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://dltb.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfg/art/2023/art_bb144aeff4d54adda08f30e327726b70.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国外商投资法实施条例","publisher":"中华人民共和国国务院","url":"https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-12/31/content_5465449.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"鼓励外商投资产业目录（2025年版）发布页面","publisher":"国家发展和改革委员会","url":"https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/fzggwl/202512/t20251224_1402564.html","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"china-opening-measures","heading":{"en":"Into China: the 2025 and 2026 action plans on foreign investment","zh":"投资中国：2025年和2026年的稳外资行动方案"},"body":{"en":"Two recent policy documents describe where China says it intends to open further. They state policy direction; whether a given pilot is open to a particular Canadian investor in a particular city has to be checked against the implementing rules.\n\n**2025 Action Plan for Stabilizing Foreign Investment** (State Council General Office, Guobanhan [2025] No. 16, dated 2025-02-17). It supports pilots that open value-added telecommunications, biotechnology and wholly foreign-owned hospitals, promises to expand the telecommunications and medical pilots and to plan the opening of education and culture, commits to implementing the removal of restrictions in manufacturing, and eases the rules on foreign strategic investment and mergers and acquisitions.\n\n**[Action Plan for Stabilizing and Improving the Use of Foreign Investment](https://wzs.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/art/2026/art_5730401bc9e545b48eba74396973130c.html)** (MOFCOM, NDRC and the Ministry of Finance, Shangzifa [2026] No. 97, dated 2026-06-16). It steadily expands pilots in vocational training, higher education and medical fields, offers tax incentives to foreign investors that reinvest distributed profits, provides for national treatment in government procurement and bidding, introduces pilot negative lists for cross-border data flows, and supports foreign-funded research and development centres.\n","zh":"近期有两份政策文件说明了中国拟进一步扩大开放的方向。文件表述的是政策取向；某一试点在某一城市是否对某一加拿大投资者开放，仍须对照具体实施细则核实。\n\n**《2025年稳外资行动方案》**（国务院办公厅，国办函〔2025〕16号，2025-02-17）：支持增值电信、生物技术、外商独资医院等领域的开放试点，提出扩大电信、医疗领域开放试点并研究推进教育、文化领域开放，落实取消制造业领域外资准入限制，并放宽外资战略投资和并购的有关规则。\n\n**[《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》](https://wzs.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/art/2026/art_5730401bc9e545b48eba74396973130c.html)**（商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部，商资发〔2026〕97号，2026-06-16）：稳步扩大职业培训、高等教育和医疗领域的开放试点，对外国投资者以分配利润再投资给予税收优惠，在政府采购和招投标中落实国民待遇，试点数据跨境流动负面清单，并支持外资研发中心发展。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部关于印发《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》的通知","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部外国投资管理司","url":"https://wzs.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/art/2026/art_5730401bc9e545b48eba74396973130c.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"2025年稳外资行动方案","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/wwmwwzzccs/art/2025/art_603eddcec5794f56bb2299a3588a8ae2.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"2025年稳外资行动方案（国办函〔2025〕16号）","publisher":"中华人民共和国国务院","url":"https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202502/content_7004409.htm","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"china-setup-and-operations","heading":{"en":"Into China: set-up, intellectual property and where the operating rules are published","zh":"投资中国：设立企业、知识产权以及经营规则的官方出处"},"body":{"en":"This site could not confirm, on an official page that it opened, a step-by-step procedure for setting up a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, the deadline for paying in capital, or the conditions for remitting profits out of China. Those points are therefore not stated here. The authorities that publish the rules, in Chinese, are the State Administration for Market Regulation, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the State Taxation Administration and MOFCOM's Department of Foreign Investment Administration, linked below.\n\nTwo points are confirmed by Canadian official sources. First, the [Trade Commissioner Service](https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export.html) lists four offices in mainland China (Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou and Shanghai), with Hong Kong and Macao served from the Consulate General in Hong Kong. Second, China is a first-to-file jurisdiction for trademarks: a Canadian registration gives no rights in China, and the Canadian Intellectual Property Office advises applying early and registering a Chinese-language version of the mark separately.\n\nCanadian companies operating in China are also subject to China's export control, data, anti-sanctions and counter-espionage laws. Those are covered in the guide on [security, defence and dual-use trade](/guides/security-defence-and-dual-use-trade).\n","zh":"关于设立外商独资企业的具体步骤、注册资本实缴期限以及利润汇出条件，本站未能在已打开的官方页面上逐项核实，故此处不作表述。发布相关规则（中文）的主管部门为：国家市场监督管理总局、国家外汇管理局、国家税务总局，以及商务部外国投资管理司，链接见下。\n\n以下两点有加拿大官方来源可以确认。第一，[加拿大贸易专员服务处](https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export.html)在中国内地设有四个办事处（北京、重庆、广州、上海），香港和澳门由加拿大驻香港总领事馆负责。第二，中国商标实行申请在先原则：在加拿大注册的商标在中国不产生权利；加拿大知识产权局建议尽早在中国提出申请，并将中文商标另行注册。\n\n在华经营的加拿大企业还须遵守中国的出口管制、数据、反外国制裁和反间谍等法律，详见[《安全、防务与两用物项贸易》指南](/guides/security-defence-and-dual-use-trade)。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Doing business in China","publisher":"Trade Commissioner Service, Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Doing business abroad: Protecting your IP in China","publisher":"Canadian Intellectual Property Office","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/canadian-intellectual-property-office/en/doing-business-abroad-protecting-your-ip-china","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"商务部外国投资管理司","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://wzs.mofcom.gov.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"国家市场监督管理总局","publisher":"国家市场监督管理总局","url":"https://www.samr.gov.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"国家外汇管理局","publisher":"国家外汇管理局","url":"https://www.safe.gov.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"国家税务总局","publisher":"国家税务总局","url":"https://www.chinatax.gov.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"fipa-and-tax-treaty","heading":{"en":"Both directions: the investment protection agreement and the tax treaty","zh":"双向适用：投资保护协定与税收协定"},"body":{"en":"**Investment protection.** The [Canada-China Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/china-chine/fipa-apie/index.aspx?lang=eng) (FIPA) was signed in 2012 and has been in force since 2014. It has an initial term of 15 years, after which either party can terminate it on one year's notice, with protection continuing for 15 years for investments that already exist. It provides national treatment after establishment, most-favoured-nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, protection against expropriation, and investor-state arbitration under the ICSID, ICSID Additional Facility or UNCITRAL rules. Decisions under the Investment Canada Act on whether to permit an investment are excluded from dispute settlement, so the agreement mainly protects established investments, not market entry.\n\n**Tax.** The [Canada-China tax agreement](https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/tax-policy/tax-treaties/country/china-agreement-1986.html) was signed on 1986-05-12 and came into force on 1986-12-29. It caps withholding tax on dividends at 10% where the beneficial owner is a company holding at least 10% of the voting stock and at 15% otherwise, and on interest and royalties at 10%. The Department of Finance lists China among the treaties under negotiation or renegotiation, so check the status list before relying on these rates for a long-term structure.\n","zh":"**投资保护。**[《加拿大与中国关于促进和相互保护投资的协定》](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/china-chine/fipa-apie/index.aspx?lang=eng)（FIPA）于2012年签署，自2014年起生效。协定首期为15年，期满后任何一方可提前一年通知终止，但对已有投资的保护在终止后继续有效15年。协定规定了设立后阶段的国民待遇、最惠国待遇、公平公正待遇、征收保护，以及依ICSID、ICSID附加便利规则或UNCITRAL规则进行的投资者与国家间仲裁。依据《加拿大投资法》作出的是否准许投资的决定，不适用争端解决机制。因此，协定主要保护已设立的投资，而不保障市场准入。\n\n**税收。**[加中税收协定](https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/tax-policy/tax-treaties/country/china-agreement-1986.html)于1986-05-12签署，1986-12-29生效。协定规定的预提税上限为：股息，受益所有人是持有至少10%表决权股份的公司时为10%，其他情形为15%；利息10%；特许权使用费10%。加拿大财政部将中国列入“正在谈判或重新谈判”的税收协定名单，因此在以上述税率设计长期架构之前，应先查看该状态清单。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the People's Republic of China for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/china-chine/fipa-apie/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada-China Tax Agreement (1986)","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/tax-policy/tax-treaties/country/china-agreement-1986.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Tax treaties: status list","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/tax-policy/tax-treaties.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Giving Notice that a Tax Agreement between Canada and the People's Republic of China came into Force on December 29, 1986","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SI-87-36/page-1.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"travel-to-china","heading":{"en":"Business travel to China: visa-free entry until 2026-12-31 and the travel advisory","zh":"赴华商务出行：2026-12-31前免签入境及加方旅行提示"},"body":{"en":"China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on 2026-02-15 that, from 2026-02-17 to 2026-12-31, holders of ordinary Canadian passports may enter China without a visa for up to 30 days for business, tourism, visits to family or friends, exchanges and transit. The Chinese-language notice is on the [ministry's consular site](https://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/202602/t20260215_11860470.shtml). Anyone outside those conditions, including longer stays, work, study, journalism and holders of other types of passport, still needs a visa. There is no official word yet on whether the policy will continue after 2026-12-31. The website of the China Visa Application Service Center is listed below for travellers who need a visa.\n\nCanada's [travel advice for China](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china) (last updated 2026-09-17) is \"Exercise a high degree of caution\", with regional advisories. It confirms the visa-free arrangement, says passports must be valid for six months on entry, and warns of arbitrary enforcement of local laws, exit bans on people involved in civil or criminal matters, broad national security laws, and detention of up to 37 days without formal charge in criminal investigations. Companies sending staff to China can use the advisory as the official Canadian statement of personal risk.\n","zh":"中国外交部于2026-02-15宣布：自2026-02-17至2026-12-31，持加拿大普通护照人员来华经商、旅游观光、探亲访友、交流访问、过境，停留不超过30天的，可免办签证入境。中文通知见[外交部领事司网站](https://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/202602/t20260215_11860470.shtml)。不符合上述条件的人员，包括停留超过30天、工作、学习、新闻采访以及持其他种类护照者，仍须申请签证。该政策在2026-12-31之后是否延续，目前尚无官方说法。需要办理签证的人员，可查阅下列中国签证申请服务中心网站。\n\n加拿大政府的[中国旅行提示](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china)（最近更新于2026-09-17）的总体级别为“高度谨慎”，部分地区另有提示。该页面确认了上述免签安排，说明入境时护照有效期须在六个月以上，并提示以下风险：当地法律执行存在任意性，涉及民事或刑事案件的人员可能被限制出境，国家安全法律适用范围宽泛，刑事调查中可在未正式起诉的情况下羁押最长37天。派员赴华的企业可将该提示作为加拿大官方对人身风险的表述加以参考。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"对加拿大、英国实施免签政策的通知","publisher":"中华人民共和国外交部领事司","url":"https://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/202602/t20260215_11860470.shtml","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's remarks on visa-free entry for Canadian citizens, 2026-02-15","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/fyrbt/202602/t20260215_11860467.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Travel advice and advisories for China","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"中国签证申请服务中心","publisher":"中国签证申请服务中心","url":"https://www.visaforchina.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"travel-to-canada","heading":{"en":"Business travel to Canada: visitor visas, CAN+, biometrics and flights","zh":"赴加商务出行：访客签证、CAN+、生物识别与航班"},"body":{"en":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) sets the rules for Chinese business travellers.\n\n- **Visitor visa.** A [visitor visa](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/about-visitor-visa.html) can be single or multiple entry. The visa officer decides which, and for how long it is valid. The maximum is 10 years, or until the passport or biometrics expire, whichever comes first. Ten years is a ceiling, not a standard.\n- **Business visitors** need an invitation letter from the Canadian host and must not enter the Canadian labour market.\n- **CAN+.** IRCC's Help Centre (dated 2026-09-01) says an application is processed faster under CAN+ if the applicant held a Canadian visa in the last 10 years or holds a valid United States non-immigrant visa. It is automatic, with no separate form.\n- **Biometrics.** Fingerprints and a photo cost CAD 85 per person (CAD 170 per family), are valid for 10 years, and are given at a visa application centre. IRCC lists 11 centres in mainland China (Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Jinan, Kunming, Nanjing, Shanghai, Shenyang and Wuhan) and one in Hong Kong.\n\nOn 2026-04-20 Transport Canada announced an incremental increase in passenger flights between the two countries and up to 20 all-cargo flights a week. The release does not give passenger flight numbers.\n","zh":"中国商务人员赴加的规则由加拿大移民、难民和公民部（IRCC）制定。\n\n- **访客签证。**[访客签证](https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/about-visitor-visa.html)分为单次入境和多次入境，签发哪一种、有效期多长，均由签证官决定。最长有效期为10年，或至护照、生物识别信息到期之日，以先到者为准。10年是上限，不是标准。\n- **商务访客**须持加拿大邀请方出具的邀请函，且不得进入加拿大劳动力市场。\n- **CAN+。**IRCC帮助中心（页面日期2026-09-01）说明：申请人过去10年内曾持有加拿大签证，或持有有效的美国非移民签证的，其申请可通过CAN+加快处理。该安排自动适用，无须另行填表。\n- **生物识别。**采集指纹和照片的费用为每人85加元（每个家庭170加元），有效期10年，须在签证申请中心办理。IRCC列出的中国内地签证申请中心共11个（北京、成都、重庆、广州、杭州、济南、昆明、南京、上海、沈阳、武汉），香港另有1个。\n\n2026-04-20，加拿大交通部宣布逐步增加两国间客运航班，并允许每周最多20班全货运航班。该新闻稿未列明客运航班的具体班次。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"About the visitor visa","publisher":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/about-visitor-visa.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Business visitors","publisher":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/business.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Help Centre: CAN+","publisher":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=877&top=16","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Biometrics","publisher":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/campaigns/biometrics.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Find a visa application centre","publisher":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/contact-ircc/offices/find-visa-application-centre.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"The Government of Canada announces increase in flights between Canada and China","publisher":"Transport Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/transport-canada/news/2026/04/the-government-of-canada-announces-increase-in-flights-between-canada-and-china.html","lang":"en","official":true}]}],"faq":[{"q":{"en":"What is the Investment Canada Act threshold for 2026?","zh":"2026年《加拿大投资法》的审查门槛是多少？"},"a":{"en":"For 2026 the net benefit review threshold is CAD 1.452 billion in enterprise value for private investors from WTO members, which includes China, and CAD 578 million in asset value for state-owned enterprise investors from WTO members. Trade agreement investors have a CAD 2.179 billion threshold, which does not apply to China. National security review has no threshold at all.","zh":"2026年，来自世贸组织成员（包括中国）的非国有投资者的净效益审查门槛为企业价值14.52亿加元，国有企业投资者为资产价值5.78亿加元。贸易协定投资者的门槛为21.79亿加元，不适用于中国投资者。国家安全审查不设任何金额门槛。"}},{"q":{"en":"Does a small or minority Chinese investment in a Canadian company need to be filed?","zh":"中国投资者对加拿大公司的小额或少数股权投资需要申报吗？"},"a":{"en":"Every acquisition of control of a Canadian business and every new Canadian business by a non-Canadian must be notified, whatever the value. National security review can also reach investments of any size, including minority stakes, and the government can review a non-notified investment for up to five years after it was implemented.","zh":"非加拿大投资者取得加拿大企业控制权或新设加拿大企业，无论金额大小都须提交备案通知。国家安全审查可适用于任何规模的投资，包括少数股权投资；对未申报的投资，政府可在投资实施后五年内启动审查。"}},{"q":{"en":"Is the Bill C-34 pre-closing filing for sensitive sectors mandatory yet?","zh":"C-34号法案规定的敏感行业交割前申报现在是强制要求吗？"},"a":{"en":"Not according to the official pages. ISED's Modernization page, last updated 2025-08-21, says the pre-implementation filing requirement, the higher penalties and the new net benefit power for state-owned enterprise investments still await regulations, and this site found no official notice as of 2026-09-17 that the regulations have been made.","zh":"从官方页面看，尚未强制。ISED的“现代化”页面（最近更新于2025-08-21）说明，交割前申报要求、更高的罚则以及针对国有企业投资的新的净效益审查权仍待配套条例出台；截至2026-09-17，本站未发现条例已经制定的官方公告。"}},{"q":{"en":"Can a Chinese state-owned enterprise buy a Canadian critical minerals company?","zh":"中国国有企业可以收购加拿大关键矿产公司吗？"},"a":{"en":"Canada's policy of 2022-10-28 says such acquisitions of control will be approved as of net benefit only on an exceptional basis, and that any state-owned enterprise investment in critical minerals, of any size, supports grounds for a national security review. On 2022-11-02 three Chinese investors were ordered to divest from Canadian lithium companies.","zh":"加拿大2022-10-28发布的政策规定，此类控制权收购只有在例外情况下才会被认定具有净效益而获批准；国有企业对关键矿产的任何投资，无论规模大小，均构成启动国家安全审查的理由。2022-11-02，三家中国投资者被责令撤出对加拿大锂矿公司的投资。"}},{"q":{"en":"Which negative list applies to foreign investment in China in 2026?","zh":"2026年外商在华投资适用哪一版负面清单？"},"a":{"en":"The national list is the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2024 Edition), NDRC and MOFCOM Order No. 23, published 2024-09-06 and in force since 2024-11-01. Searches on 2026-09-17 found no 2025 or 2026 national edition.","zh":"适用的全国版清单是《外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）（2024年版）》，即国家发展改革委、商务部2024年第23号令，2024-09-06公布，自2024-11-01起施行。本站于2026-09-17检索，未发现2025年版或2026年版全国清单。"}},{"q":{"en":"Does the Canada-China FIPA protect an investment that Canada refuses under the Investment Canada Act?","zh":"如果加拿大依《加拿大投资法》不准许某项投资，加中投资保护协定能提供保护吗？"},"a":{"en":"No. Decisions under the Investment Canada Act on whether to permit an investment are excluded from the agreement's dispute settlement. The agreement, in force since 2014, provides national treatment after establishment, fair and equitable treatment, expropriation protection and investor-state arbitration for established investments.","zh":"不能。依《加拿大投资法》作出的是否准许投资的决定，不适用该协定的争端解决机制。该协定自2014年起生效，为已设立的投资提供设立后国民待遇、公平公正待遇、征收保护以及投资者与国家间仲裁。"}},{"q":{"en":"Do Canadians need a visa for a business trip to China in 2026?","zh":"2026年加拿大人赴华商务出行需要签证吗？"},"a":{"en":"From 2026-02-17 to 2026-12-31, holders of ordinary Canadian passports can enter China visa-free for up to 30 days for business, tourism, family or friend visits, exchanges and transit. Longer stays, work, study and journalism still need a visa, and no extension beyond 2026-12-31 has been announced.","zh":"自2026-02-17至2026-12-31，持加拿大普通护照人员来华经商、旅游、探亲访友、交流访问或过境，停留不超过30天的，可免签入境。停留时间更长，或从事工作、学习、新闻采访的，仍须申请签证。目前尚未宣布该政策在2026-12-31之后是否延续。"}},{"q":{"en":"How long is a Canadian visitor visa valid for a Chinese business traveller?","zh":"中国商务人员申请的加拿大访客签证有效期多长？"},"a":{"en":"The visa officer decides whether the visa is single or multiple entry and how long it is valid. The maximum is 10 years or until the passport or biometrics expire, whichever comes first, so 10 years is a ceiling and not a standard.","zh":"签发单次还是多次入境签证、有效期多长，均由签证官决定。最长有效期为10年，或至护照、生物识别信息到期之日，以先到者为准。因此10年是上限，而不是标准。"}}],"related_guides":["security-defence-and-dual-use-trade","exporting-to-china","importing-from-china"],"related_measures":["ca-ev-import-quota"]},{"slug":"security-defence-and-dual-use-trade","order":40,"reviewed":"2026-09-17","audience":{"en":"Exporters of technology and dual-use goods, investors in sensitive sectors, and decision makers assessing political risk","zh":"技术和两用物项出口企业、敏感行业投资者，以及评估政治风险的决策者"},"title":{"en":"Security, defence and dual-use trade between Canada and China: what official sources show","zh":"加中之间的安全、防务与两用物项贸易：官方来源显示了什么"},"description":{"en":"What the September 2026 Canada-China defence dialogue was and was not, and the export control, sanctions and screening rules that apply to sensitive trade.","zh":"说明2026年9月加中防务协调对话的实际内容与界限，并梳理敏感贸易和投资所适用的出口管制、制裁、清单筛查与安全审查规则。"},"summary":{"en":"In September 2026 Canada and China held their first Defence Coordination Dialogue since 2018, and the two governments described it differently. Official sources do not show military cooperation, joint exercises or a defence agreement. What did increase in 2026 is law enforcement cooperation and political-security dialogue, while military friction and national security screening continue. This guide reports each government's wording as its own, then sets out the Canadian and Chinese control rules that a company in a sensitive sector has to work with.","zh":"2026年9月，加中两国举行了自2018年以来的首次防务协调对话，两国政府对这次会议的表述并不相同。官方来源并未显示两国之间存在军事合作、联合演习或防务协议。2026年真正有所增加的是执法合作和政治安全对话，而军事摩擦和国家安全审查仍在继续。本指南如实转述各方政府的原话，并梳理敏感行业企业需要面对的加拿大和中国两方面的管制规则。"},"key_points":[{"en":"The 5th Defence Coordination Dialogue took place on 2026-09-04. China's defence ministry spoke of willingness to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two militaries. Canada's defence department, in a statement given only to media, described working-level communication and said defence is an area where Canada will not seek deeper cooperation.","zh":"第五次防务协调对话于2026-09-04举行。中国国防部的表述是双方愿加强两军务实交流合作；加拿大国防部仅向媒体提供了声明，称这是工作层面的沟通，并表示防务属于加方不寻求深化合作的领域。"},{"en":"The Department of National Defence's own record says the last bilateral military training exercise with China was in 2018. This site found no official report of any exercise, defence agreement or defence-industrial cooperation since then.","zh":"加拿大国防部自己的记录显示，加中上一次双边军事训练演习是在2018年。此后，本站未发现任何关于演习、防务协议或国防工业合作的官方报道。"},{"en":"Cooperation that did increase in 2026: an RCMP and Ministry of Public Security memorandum on combating crime (text not public), a counternarcotics dialogue, and restored political-security consultations.","zh":"2026年确实增加的合作包括：加拿大皇家骑警与中国公安部签署打击犯罪合作谅解备忘录（文本未公开）、禁毒对话，以及恢复政治安全磋商机制。"},{"en":"Friction continues: a Canadian frigate transited the Taiwan Strait in May 2026 and China objected, the Huawei and ZTE prohibition and the Hikvision order remain, and Global Affairs Canada still warns of diversion of civilian goods and technology to military use.","zh":"摩擦仍在继续：2026年5月加拿大护卫舰穿越台湾海峡，中方表示反对；对华为、中兴的禁令和对海康威视的命令依然有效；加拿大全球事务部仍提示民用物项和技术存在被转用于军事用途的风险。"},{"en":"Any item on Canada's Export Control List needs a permit for China. China is not on the Area Control List, so the test is the item, not the destination. Hong Kong is treated like mainland China for sensitive goods.","zh":"凡列入加拿大《出口管制清单》的物项，出口到中国均须申领许可证。中国不在《区域管制清单》上，因此判断标准是物项本身，而不是目的地。敏感物项出口到香港与出口到中国内地同等对待。"},{"en":"China runs its own controls: dual-use export licensing for gallium, germanium, graphite, antimony and seven rare earths, an October 2025 package suspended until 2026-11-10, and an Unreliable Entity List that has included a Canadian company, TechInsights, since 2025-10-09.","zh":"中国也有自己的管制：对镓、锗、石墨、锑和七种稀土实行两用物项出口许可管理；2025年10月出台的一揽子措施暂停实施至2026-11-10；不可靠实体清单自2025-10-09起列入了加拿大公司TechInsights。"}],"sections":[{"id":"defence-dialogue-september-2026","heading":{"en":"The 5th Defence Coordination Dialogue of 2026-09-04: what each government said","zh":"2026-09-04第五次防务协调对话：两国政府各自怎么说"},"body":{"en":"On 2026-09-04 Canadian and Chinese defence officials held the 5th Defence Coordination Dialogue in Canada, the first since April 2018. The only government publication is Chinese. [China's Ministry of National Defense](http://eng.mod.gov.cn/2025xb/N/T/16483829.html) wrote on 2026-09-05: \"The two sides had a candid and in-depth exchange of views on international and regional issues of mutual interest, expressed willingness to strengthen practical exchanges and cooperation between the two militaries, and enhanced mutual understanding and trust.\"\n\nCanada's Department of National Defence (DND) published nothing itself. Its position is known only from a statement given to media and reported by the Globe and Mail and by CBC, which are listed below as non-official sources for that reason. DND said: \"As part of ongoing working-level dialogue, Canadian and Chinese defence officials met on September 4, in support of ongoing military-to-military communications at the functional level.\" It added: \"Under this framework, there are specific areas in which we will seek deeper cooperation with China and areas where we will not, which includes on defence.\"\n\nThe two governments therefore describe one meeting differently. According to CBC, the Chinese Embassy called it a resumption of military talks after eight years, and DND would not confirm that framing.\n","zh":"2026-09-04，加中两国防务官员在加拿大举行第五次防务协调对话，这是2018年4月以来的首次。目前唯一的政府发布来自中方。[中国国防部英文网站](http://eng.mod.gov.cn/2025xb/N/T/16483829.html)2026-09-05发布的英文原文为：“The two sides had a candid and in-depth exchange of views on international and regional issues of mutual interest, expressed willingness to strengthen practical exchanges and cooperation between the two militaries, and enhanced mutual understanding and trust.”（本站译文：双方就共同关心的国际和地区问题坦诚深入交换了意见，表示愿加强两军务实交流合作，增进了相互了解与信任。）\n\n加拿大国防部（DND）本身没有发布任何内容。其立场仅见于该部向媒体提供的声明，由《环球邮报》和加拿大广播公司（CBC）报道；正因如此，下列来源中这两家媒体标注为非官方来源。DND的原话是：“As part of ongoing working-level dialogue, Canadian and Chinese defence officials met on September 4, in support of ongoing military-to-military communications at the functional level.”（本站译文：作为持续进行的工作层面对话的一部分，加中两国防务官员于9月4日会面，以支持两军在职能层面的持续沟通。）该声明还说：“Under this framework, there are specific areas in which we will seek deeper cooperation with China and areas where we will not, which includes on defence.”（本站译文：在这一框架下，我们会在某些特定领域寻求与中国深化合作，在另一些领域则不会，防务即属于后者。）\n\n可见，两国政府对同一次会议的表述并不相同。据CBC报道，中国驻加拿大使馆称这是两国时隔八年恢复军事对话，DND则未确认这一说法。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"The 5th China-Canada Defense Coordination Dialogue held in Canada","publisher":"Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China","url":"http://eng.mod.gov.cn/2025xb/N/T/16483829.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada holds first defence coordination talks with China in more than eight years","publisher":"The Globe and Mail","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canada-first-defence-coordination-talks-china-more-than-eight-years/","lang":"en","official":false},{"title":"CBC News and Canadian Press report on the Canada-China defence dialogue, 2026-09-09","publisher":"CBC News","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-china-military-cooperation-9.7337345","lang":"en","official":false},{"title":"Key Issues: Canada-China Defence Relations","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/proactive-disclosure/cacn-national-security-dimensions-canada-china-relations-12-april-2021/key-issues.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"no-exercises-no-agreement","heading":{"en":"No joint exercises since 2018, no defence agreement, no defence trade","zh":"2018年以来没有联合演习，没有防务协议，也没有防务贸易"},"body":{"en":"The dialogue is an old channel, not a new agreement. On 2013-06-03 the two defence ministers agreed to establish a Defence Coordination Dialogue, and DND describes the related Cooperation Plan Initiative as \"a non-binding cooperation arrangement signed in 2013\". Four sessions followed: 2013-11-28, 2014-09-23, 2016-11-28 and 2018-04-10. The channel then lapsed for more than eight years.\n\nOn exercises, [DND's own record](https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/proactive-disclosure/cacn-national-security-dimensions-canada-china-relations-12-april-2021/key-issues.html) says: \"The last time the Canadian Armed Forces engaged in bilateral military training exercises with China was in 2018.\" It adds that in winter 2019 Canada cancelled plans to invite the People's Liberation Army to observe winter survival training.\n\nThe January 2026 joint statement, news release and readout contain no defence or military item. Their \"public safety and security\" pillar is about law enforcement. The foreign ministers' readouts of May 2026, from both sides, contain no defence item either, and DND's news listing for 2026-09-01 to 2026-09-17 has no China item.\n\nDefence trade remains closed. No official source reports defence-industrial cooperation, military goods still need an export permit, and Notice to Exporters No. 1003 says Canada treats sensitive exports to Hong Kong the same way as those destined for China.\n","zh":"防务协调对话是一个原有的渠道，并不是新签的协议。2013-06-03，两国国防部长同意建立防务协调对话；对于与之相关的“合作计划倡议”，加拿大国防部的说明是“2013年签署的一项不具约束力的合作安排”。此后共举行四次对话：2013-11-28、2014-09-23、2016-11-28和2018-04-10。之后该渠道中断了八年多。\n\n关于演习，[加拿大国防部自己的记录](https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/proactive-disclosure/cacn-national-security-dimensions-canada-china-relations-12-april-2021/key-issues.html)写明：加拿大武装部队上一次与中国进行双边军事训练演习是在2018年。该记录还写明，2019年冬，加方取消了邀请中国人民解放军观摩冬季生存训练的计划。\n\n2026年1月的联合声明、新闻稿和会晤纪要均无任何防务或军事条目，其中的“公共安全与安保”支柱指的是执法合作。2026年5月两国外长会晤后双方各自发布的消息也没有防务内容；加拿大国防部2026-09-01至2026-09-17的新闻列表中没有涉华条目。\n\n防务贸易依然关闭。没有任何官方来源报道国防工业合作；军用物项出口仍须申领出口许可证；《致出口商通知》第1003号写明，加拿大对出口到香港的敏感物项与出口到中国的同等对待。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Key Issues: Canada-China Defence Relations","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/proactive-disclosure/cacn-national-security-dimensions-canada-china-relations-12-april-2021/key-issues.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Joint press release: talks between General Chang Wanquan and Peter MacKay, 2013-06-03","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2013/06/joint-press-release-talks-between-general-chang-wanquan-state-councillor-minister-national-defence-people-republic-china-peter-mackay-minister-national-defence-canada.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Joint Statement of the Canada-China Leaders' Meeting","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Department of National Defence news results, 2026-09-01 to 2026-09-17","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/news/advanced-news-search/news-results.html?dprtmnt=departmentnationaldefense&start=2026-09-01&end=2026-09-17","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Notice to Exporters Serial No. 1003","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/notices-avis/1003.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"what-this-guide-does-not-say","heading":{"en":"What this guide does not say","zh":"本指南没有说什么"},"body":{"en":"This site looked for official evidence of military cooperation between Canada and China and found none as of 2026-09-17. No official Canadian or Chinese source that this site opened reports any of the following:\n\n- joint military exercises or training since 2018;\n- a defence agreement or a new arrangement between the two militaries;\n- port visits, peacekeeping exchanges or disaster relief exchanges between the Canadian Armed Forces and the People's Liberation Army;\n- defence-industrial cooperation, or any easing of Canadian controls on military exports to China.\n\nWhat the record shows is narrower. One working-level dialogue channel met again on 2026-09-04. [China's defence ministry](http://eng.mod.gov.cn/2025xb/N/T/16483829.html) described it in the language of exchanges and cooperation. Canada's defence department told media that it was communication at the functional level and that defence is an area where Canada will not seek deeper cooperation.\n\nPhrases such as \"increased military collaboration\", \"defence partnership\" or \"military cooperation agreement\" are not supported by that record. Readers who meet claims of a Canada-China defence partnership in media, marketing material or social media should treat them with caution and ask which official document supports them. This page will be revised if either government publishes something new.\n","zh":"本站查找了有关加中军事合作的官方证据，截至2026-09-17没有找到。在本站打开过的加拿大和中国官方来源中，没有任何一处报道过下列事项：\n\n- 2018年以来的联合军事演习或训练；\n- 两军之间的防务协议或新的合作安排；\n- 加拿大武装部队与中国人民解放军之间的军舰互访、维和交流或救灾交流；\n- 国防工业合作，或加拿大放宽对华军品出口管制。\n\n现有记录所显示的情况要窄得多：一个工作层面的对话渠道于2026-09-04再次举行会议；[中国国防部](http://eng.mod.gov.cn/2025xb/N/T/16483829.html)用“交流合作”来表述这次会议；加拿大国防部向媒体表示，这是职能层面的沟通，防务属于加方不寻求深化合作的领域。\n\n“军事合作增加”“防务伙伴关系”“军事合作协议”之类的说法，在上述记录中找不到依据。读者如在媒体、营销材料或社交平台上看到有关加中防务伙伴关系的说法，应谨慎对待，并追问其依据的是哪一份官方文件。如任何一方政府发布新的内容，本页将作相应修订。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"The 5th China-Canada Defense Coordination Dialogue held in Canada","publisher":"Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China","url":"http://eng.mod.gov.cn/2025xb/N/T/16483829.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Key Issues: Canada-China Defence Relations","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/proactive-disclosure/cacn-national-security-dimensions-canada-china-relations-12-april-2021/key-issues.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Prime Minister Carney forges new strategic partnership with the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2026/01/16/prime-minister-carney-forges-new-strategic-partnership-peoples","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada holds first defence coordination talks with China in more than eight years","publisher":"The Globe and Mail","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canada-first-defence-coordination-talks-china-more-than-eight-years/","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"id":"law-enforcement-and-security-dialogue","heading":{"en":"Where cooperation did increase: law enforcement and political-security dialogue","zh":"合作确实增加的领域：执法合作与政治安全对话"},"body":{"en":"The [joint statement of 2026-01-16](https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting) says the two sides \"committed to strengthening law enforcement cooperation to combat corruption and transnational crimes, including telecommunication and cyber fraud and illegal synthetic drugs in accordance with their respective laws\". They agreed to continue the annual law enforcement cooperation working group, \"under which a counternarcotics dialogue is a key part\". A Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Combating Crimes was signed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and China's Ministry of Public Security.\n\nThe text of that memorandum has not been published, and no official page carries it. Global News, listed below as a non-official source for that reason, quotes the RCMP as saying that it \"will not unilaterally make public or share the contents of an MOU with a third party without the concurrence of the other party\".\n\nOn 2026-05-29 the foreign ministers welcomed \"the resumption of the Political and Security Consultation mechanism between their ministries\" and the \"reestablishment of the National Security and Rule of Law Dialogue\", and noted continuing dialogue between law enforcement authorities, including on counternarcotics. These are foreign ministry and police channels, not military ones. This site found no public record that either mechanism has met yet.\n","zh":"[2026-01-16的联合声明](https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting)写明，双方承诺依据各自法律加强执法合作，打击腐败和跨国犯罪，包括电信网络诈骗和非法合成毒品；双方同意继续执行执法合作年度工作组会议机制，禁毒对话是其中的重要部分。加拿大皇家骑警（RCMP）与中国公安部签署了《关于打击犯罪的合作谅解备忘录》。\n\n该备忘录的文本没有公布，任何官方网页上都查不到。环球新闻（Global News）引述RCMP的说法称，未经另一方同意，RCMP不会单方面公开备忘录内容，也不会与第三方分享；因为没有官方发布，该媒体在下列来源中标注为非官方来源。\n\n2026-05-29，两国外长对恢复两国外交部之间的政治安全磋商机制、重建国家安全与法治对话表示欢迎，并提到两国执法部门之间的对话仍在进行，包括禁毒领域。这些都是外交和警务渠道，不是军事渠道。本站未发现这两个机制已经举行会议的公开记录。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Joint Statement of the Canada-China Leaders' Meeting","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Prime Minister Carney forges new strategic partnership with the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2026/01/16/prime-minister-carney-forges-new-strategic-partnership-peoples","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Minister Anand meets with Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi, readout of 2026-05-29","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/05/minister-anand-meets-with-director-of-the-office-of-the-central-commission-for-foreign-affairs-and-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-peoples-repub.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Wang Yi holds talks with Canadian Foreign Minister Anand","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbzhd/202606/t20260603_11936933.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Global News report on the RCMP and Ministry of Public Security memorandum, 2026-05-21","publisher":"Global News","url":"https://globalnews.ca/news/11857931/rcmp-china-policing-agreement-release/","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"id":"military-friction","heading":{"en":"Continuing military friction: the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea","zh":"持续的军事摩擦：台湾海峡与南海"},"body":{"en":"Canada's operational posture did not change with the dialogue.\n\n- **Taiwan Strait.** DND confirmed to media that HMCS Charlottetown made \"a routine transit through the Taiwan Strait\" on 2026-05-22 and 2026-05-23. DND did not publish this on its website, so the Globe and Mail is listed as a non-official source. Asked about the transit on 2026-05-29, [China's foreign ministry spokesperson](https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/202605/t20260529_11921368.html) said China \"firmly opposes acts that undermine China's sovereignty and security in the name of freedom of navigation\".\n- **One-China commitment.** In an interview published by the Chinese Embassy on 2026-07-01, Ambassador Wang Di said: \"We hope that the Canadian side can honour its one-China commitment with concrete actions.\"\n- **South China Sea.** DND stated that HMCS Regina took part in a Multilateral Maritime Cooperative Activity with the Philippines and the United States on 2026-09-11, one week after the dialogue.\n- **Earlier incident.** On 2023-11-03 the Canadian Armed Forces reported unsafe intercepts of a Canadian helicopter by Chinese fighter aircraft over the South China Sea.\n\nCBC also reports that the Leader of the Opposition rejected military cooperation with China, so the subject is contested in Canadian politics. For business, these are political risk factors that sit alongside tariff relief from China that currently runs only to 2026-12-31.\n","zh":"防务协调对话并未改变加拿大的军事行动姿态。\n\n- **台湾海峡。**加拿大国防部向媒体确认，“夏洛特敦”号护卫舰（HMCS Charlottetown）于2026-05-22至2026-05-23“例行穿越台湾海峡”。国防部没有在其网站上发布这一消息，因此《环球邮报》在下列来源中标注为非官方来源。2026-05-29，[中国外交部发言人](https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/202605/t20260529_11921368.html)在回答有关提问时表示，中方坚决反对以航行自由为名损害中国主权和安全的行为。\n- **一个中国承诺。**中国驻加拿大使馆2026-07-01发布的大使王镝接受采访实录中，大使表示，希望加方以实际行动恪守一个中国承诺。\n- **南海。**加拿大国防部发表声明称，“里贾纳”号护卫舰（HMCS Regina）于2026-09-11与菲律宾和美国共同参加了一次多边海上合作活动，时间在防务协调对话一周之后。\n- **此前的事件。**2023-11-03，加拿大武装部队通报，中国战斗机在南海上空对一架加拿大直升机进行了不安全拦截。\n\n另据CBC报道，加拿大反对党领袖公开反对与中国开展军事合作，可见这一议题在加拿大国内政治中存在争议。对企业而言，这些都属于政治风险因素；与此同时，中方目前给予的关税减让只到2026-12-31为止。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Regular Press Conference, 2026-05-29","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China","url":"https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/202605/t20260529_11921368.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Ambassador Wang Di's interview with Reuters, published 2026-07-01","publisher":"Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Canada","url":"https://ca.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgxw/202607/t20260701_11956057.htm","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Statement on Canada's participation in Multilateral Maritime Cooperative Activity","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2026/09/statement-on-canadas-participation-in-multilateral-maritime-cooperative-activity.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Statement from the Canadian Armed Forces regarding unsafe intercept of Royal Canadian Air Force helicopter","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2023/11/statement-from-the-canadian-armed-forces-regarding-unsafe-intercept-of-royal-canadian-air-force-helicopter.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Globe and Mail report on HMCS Charlottetown's Taiwan Strait transit, 2026-05-28","publisher":"The Globe and Mail","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-hmcs-charlottetown-canadian-warship-taiwan-strait/","lang":"en","official":false},{"title":"CBC News and Canadian Press report on the Canada-China defence dialogue, 2026-09-09","publisher":"CBC News","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-china-military-cooperation-9.7337345","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"id":"economic-security-measures","heading":{"en":"Continuing economic-security measures in Canada","zh":"加拿大持续实施的经济安全措施"},"body":{"en":"Canada's national security measures affecting Chinese companies stayed in place through the 2026 thaw.\n\n- **Telecommunications.** On 2022-05-19 the government announced that it would prohibit Huawei and ZTE products and services in Canada's telecommunications systems. The prohibition remains.\n- **Investment orders.** The [national security decisions list](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions) records the order of 2025-06-27 that Hikvision Canada, Inc. be wound up, the dissolution of Bluvec Technologies and Pegauni Technology (2024-05-24), and three lithium divestitures (2022-11-02). The wind-up ordered for TikTok Technology Canada on 2024-11-06 was replaced on 2026-03-09 by approval subject to binding undertakings.\n- **Official warning to business.** Global Affairs Canada's country page, modified 2026-09-14, still warns of \"market access barriers, opaque regulations with uneven and arbitrary implementation, prevalent and persistent intellectual property theft, and the risk of diversion of sensitive goods and technologies intended for civilian use for military purposes and applications\".\n- **Strategy.** Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy describes China as \"an increasingly disruptive global power\".\n\nForeign interference, forced labour and human rights were also raised by Canada's foreign minister with her Chinese counterpart on 2026-05-29.\n","zh":"在2026年两国关系回暖期间，加拿大针对中国企业的国家安全措施依然有效。\n\n- **电信。**2022-05-19，加拿大政府宣布拟禁止在加拿大电信系统中使用华为和中兴的产品与服务。该禁令至今有效。\n- **投资命令。**[国家安全决定清单](https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions)载有：2025-06-27责令海康威视加拿大公司（Hikvision Canada, Inc.）清盘的命令，2024-05-24责令Bluvec Technologies和Pegauni Technology解散的命令，以及2022-11-02三项锂矿撤资命令。2024-11-06对TikTok Technology Canada作出的清盘命令，已于2026-03-09改为在具有约束力的承诺条件下准许其投资。\n- **对企业的官方提示。**加拿大全球事务部的中国国别页面（2026-09-14修改）仍然提示以下风险：市场准入壁垒，法规不透明且执行不统一、具有任意性，知识产权侵权普遍且长期存在，以及原定民用的敏感物项和技术被转用于军事目的和用途。\n- **战略文件。**加拿大《印太战略》将中国称为“日益具有破坏性的全球大国”（此为加方文件的表述）。\n\n此外，2026-05-29加拿大外长与中国外长会晤时，还提出了外国干预、强迫劳动和人权问题。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Statement from Minister Champagne on telecommunications security","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2022/05/statement-from-minister-champagne-on-telecommunications-security.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"National security decisions","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada-China relations","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/china-chine/relations.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/transparency-transparence/indo-pacific-indo-pacifique/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Minister Anand meets with Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi, readout of 2026-05-29","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/05/minister-anand-meets-with-director-of-the-office-of-the-central-commission-for-foreign-affairs-and-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-peoples-repub.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"canadian-export-controls","heading":{"en":"Canadian export controls and permits for China","zh":"加拿大对华出口管制与出口许可证"},"body":{"en":"Any item on Canada's Export Control List (ECL) needs an export permit from Global Affairs Canada before it goes to China. The current [Guide to Canada's Export Control List](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/export_control_list-guide-liste_exportation_controlee_2026.aspx?lang=eng) is the January 2026 edition, effective 2026-05-01. Its groups are: 1 Dual-Use; 2 Munitions; 3 Nuclear Non-Proliferation; 4 Nuclear-Related Dual-Use; 5 Miscellaneous Goods and Technology, which includes United States origin goods and item 5505, a catch-all for weapons of mass destruction end uses; 6 Missile Technology Control Regime; 7 Chemical and Biological Weapons Non-Proliferation; and 9 Arms Trade Treaty items. Group 8 is repealed. Recent additions cover quantum computing, advanced semiconductors and metal additive manufacturing.\n\nPoints that matter for China:\n\n- Technology transfers by email, cloud access or technical assistance count as exports.\n- The Area Control List contains only North Korea. China is not on it, so the test is whether the item is on the ECL.\n- Notice to Exporters No. 1003 (2020-07-07) says Canada treats sensitive exports to Hong Kong \"in the same way as those destined for China\" and will not permit the export of sensitive military items to Hong Kong.\n- There is no published stand-alone China policy for permits. Global Affairs Canada will give an advisory opinion on control status if asked.\n","zh":"凡列入加拿大《出口管制清单》（Export Control List，ECL）的物项，出口到中国之前都必须向加拿大全球事务部申领出口许可证。现行的[《加拿大出口管制清单指南》](https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/export_control_list-guide-liste_exportation_controlee_2026.aspx?lang=eng)为2026年1月版，自2026-05-01起生效。清单分组如下：第1组两用物项；第2组军品；第3组核不扩散；第4组核相关两用物项；第5组其他货物和技术，其中包括原产于美国的货物，以及针对大规模杀伤性武器最终用途的兜底条款第5505项；第6组导弹及其技术控制制度；第7组化学和生物武器不扩散；第9组《武器贸易条约》物项。第8组已废止。近期新增的管制内容涉及量子计算、先进半导体和金属增材制造。\n\n与中国有关的要点：\n\n- 通过电子邮件、云端访问或技术协助转移技术，同样属于出口。\n- 《区域管制清单》上只有朝鲜，中国不在其中，因此判断标准是物项是否列入ECL。\n- 《致出口商通知》第1003号（2020-07-07）写明，加拿大对出口到香港的敏感物项与出口到中国的同等对待，并且不允许向香港出口敏感军用物项。\n- 加拿大没有公布专门针对中国的许可证审批政策。企业可以请求全球事务部就物项是否受管制出具咨询意见。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"A Guide to Canada's Export Control List - 2026","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/export_control_list-guide-liste_exportation_controlee_2026.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Export controls","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/controls-controles/about-a_propos/expor/before-avant.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Military and strategic goods and technology","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/controls-controles/military-militaires/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Notice to Exporters Serial No. 1003","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/notices-avis/1003.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Area Control List","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-81-543/FullText.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"controlled-goods-program","heading":{"en":"The Controlled Goods Program: controls inside Canada","zh":"受控货物计划：加拿大境内的管制"},"body":{"en":"Export permits deal with goods leaving Canada. The [Controlled Goods Program](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/industrial-security/controlled-goods.html), run by Public Services and Procurement Canada under the Defence Production Act, deals with access inside Canada. Anyone who examines, possesses or transfers controlled goods in Canada must register.\n\nControlled goods include goods and technical data with military or national security significance, defence articles controlled under the United States International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), and goods made from ITAR technical data. Registration involves security assessments of owners, officers and employees. Foreign visitors and temporary workers need exemptions. Penalties reach CAD 2,000,000 and 10 years' imprisonment.\n\nThis matters to Canadian companies with Chinese shareholders, employees or visitors, because access inside Canada by a person who is not registered or exempt is itself an offence, even if nothing is exported. The points to check are whether the company holds controlled goods at all, whether its registration is current, and whether every foreign national with access has been assessed or exempted.\n","zh":"出口许可证管的是货物离开加拿大。[受控货物计划](https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/industrial-security/controlled-goods.html)（Controlled Goods Program）由加拿大公共服务和采购部依据《国防生产法》实施，管的是在加拿大境内对受控货物的接触。任何在加拿大境内查验、持有或转移受控货物的人都必须登记。\n\n受控货物包括：具有军事或国家安全意义的货物和技术数据，受美国《国际武器贸易条例》（ITAR）管制的国防物品，以及利用ITAR技术数据制造的货物。登记时须对企业所有人、高级管理人员和雇员进行安全评估；外国访客和临时工作人员须取得豁免。最高罚则为罚款200万加元和监禁10年。\n\n这一点对有中国股东、雇员或访客的加拿大企业尤其相关：未登记或未获豁免的人员在加拿大境内接触受控货物，即使没有任何出口行为，本身就构成违法。需要核查的事项包括：企业是否持有受控货物，登记是否有效，以及每一名可接触受控货物的外籍人员是否已经过评估或取得豁免。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Controlled Goods Program","publisher":"Public Services and Procurement Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/industrial-security/controlled-goods.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"What are controlled goods","publisher":"Public Services and Procurement Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/industrial-security/controlled-goods/what-are-controlled-goods.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"sanctions-and-end-use-screening","heading":{"en":"Sanctions list checks and end-use screening","zh":"制裁清单核查与最终用途筛查"},"body":{"en":"**Sanctions.** The Special Economic Measures (People's Republic of China) Regulations came into force on 2021-03-21. They impose an asset freeze and a dealings ban on listed persons tied to human rights violations in Xinjiang. Eight more individuals were added on 2024-12-09, and a permit authorization order was issued on 2025-02-26. The practical tool is the [Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List](https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/consolidated-consolide.aspx?lang=eng), last updated 2026-09-04, which covers listings under the Special Economic Measures Act and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act and can be searched or downloaded.\n\n**End use.** Global Affairs Canada states that the aim of its export controls is that Canadian goods and technology are not used in a way prejudicial to human rights, peace, security or stability, and its country page warns of diversion of civilian goods to military use. ECL item 5505 applies to any goods or technology destined for a weapons of mass destruction end use.\n\nWhat a compliance file normally records:\n\n- the ECL classification of the item, or an advisory opinion;\n- list checks on the buyer, consignee, end user and intermediaries, with dates;\n- a signed end-use and end-user statement;\n- any routing through Hong Kong or a third country.\n","zh":"**制裁。**《特别经济措施（中华人民共和国）条例》于2021-03-21生效，对与新疆侵犯人权行为有关的被列名人员实行资产冻结和交易禁令。2024-12-09又增列八名个人，2025-02-26发布了一项许可授权令。实务中使用的工具是[《加拿大自主制裁综合清单》](https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/consolidated-consolide.aspx?lang=eng)（最近更新于2026-09-04），该清单涵盖依《特别经济措施法》和《为腐败外国官员受害者伸张正义法》列名的对象，可在线检索，也可下载。\n\n**最终用途。**加拿大全球事务部说明，其出口管制的目标是确保加拿大的货物和技术不被用于损害人权、和平、安全或稳定的用途；其中国国别页面也提示了民用物项被转用于军事用途的风险。ECL第5505项适用于任何拟用于大规模杀伤性武器最终用途的货物或技术。\n\n合规档案通常记录的内容包括：\n\n- 物项在ECL中的归类，或取得的咨询意见；\n- 对买方、收货人、最终用户和中间方的清单核查结果及核查日期；\n- 经签署的最终用途和最终用户声明；\n- 是否经香港或第三国转运。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/consolidated-consolide.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canadian Sanctions Related to People's Republic of China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/china-chine.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Military and strategic goods and technology","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/controls-controles/military-militaires/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada-China relations","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/china-chine/relations.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"research-security-and-investment-review","heading":{"en":"Research security lists and Investment Canada Act national security review","zh":"科研安全清单与《加拿大投资法》国家安全审查"},"body":{"en":"**Research security.** The [Policy on Sensitive Technology Research and Affiliations of Concern](https://science.gc.ca/site/science/en/safeguarding-your-research/guidelines-and-tools-implement-research-security/sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern/policy-sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern) has applied since 2024-05-01. Grant applications to the federal granting councils and the Canada Foundation for Innovation that advance a listed sensitive technology research area will not be funded if any named researcher is affiliated with, or receives funding or in-kind support from, a Named Research Organization. Researchers sign attestations that last for the life of the grant. There are 11 sensitive technology categories, from advanced digital infrastructure and advanced materials to artificial intelligence, quantum science and robotics (page dated 2026-07-30). The Named Research Organizations list includes institutions in China, Russia and Iran. Companies that co-fund university research through federal partnership grants are affected.\n\n**Investment review.** National security review under the Investment Canada Act can apply to an investment of any size. Guidelines updated in March 2025 add economic security and list defence capabilities, sensitive technology transfer, critical minerals, critical infrastructure and sensitive personal data among the factors. Investors are encouraged to file at least 45 days before closing. Thresholds, orders and statistics are in the guide on [investing between Canada and China](/guides/investing-canada-china).\n","zh":"**科研安全。**[《敏感技术研究与受关注关联政策》](https://science.gc.ca/site/science/en/safeguarding-your-research/guidelines-and-tools-implement-research-security/sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern/policy-sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern)自2024-05-01起适用。向联邦科研资助理事会和加拿大创新基金会提交的资助申请，如推进清单所列敏感技术研究领域，而申请中任何一名列名研究人员隶属于“列名研究机构”，或接受其资金或实物支持，则申请不予资助。研究人员须签署声明，其义务在整个资助期内持续有效。敏感技术共分11类，包括先进数字基础设施、先进材料与制造、人工智能、量子科学和机器人等（页面日期2026-07-30）。“列名研究机构”清单包括位于中国、俄罗斯和伊朗的机构。通过联邦合作资助项目与高校共同出资开展研究的企业同样受到影响。\n\n**投资审查。**《加拿大投资法》项下的国家安全审查可适用于任何规模的投资。2025年3月更新的指引增加了经济安全因素，所列考虑因素包括国防能力、敏感技术转移、关键矿产、关键基础设施和敏感个人数据。指引建议投资者至少在交割前45天提交申报。审查门槛、已公布的命令和统计数据，见[《加中双向投资》指南](/guides/investing-canada-china)。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"Policy on Sensitive Technology Research and Affiliations of Concern","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://science.gc.ca/site/science/en/safeguarding-your-research/guidelines-and-tools-implement-research-security/sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern/policy-sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Sensitive Technology Research Areas","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://science.gc.ca/site/science/en/safeguarding-your-research/guidelines-and-tools-implement-research-security/sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern/sensitive-technology-research-areas","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Named Research Organizations","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://science.gc.ca/site/science/en/safeguarding-your-research/guidelines-and-tools-implement-research-security/sensitive-technology-research-and-affiliations-concern/named-research-organizations","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Guidelines on the National Security Review of Investments","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/guidelines/guidelines-national-security-review-investments","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"id":"china-export-controls","heading":{"en":"China's export controls: dual-use items, rare earths and other critical minerals","zh":"中国的出口管制：两用物项、稀土及其他关键矿产"},"body":{"en":"China's [Regulations on Export Control of Dual-Use Items](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/dwmygl/art/2024/art_6ed1d5c0336843c493bd45a1911eab17.html) (State Council Order 792) took effect on 2024-12-01 with a single Dual-Use Items Export Control List. The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) issues the licences. The Chinese exporter applies, and the foreign buyer supplies end-user and end-use documents. The regulations provide for a Watch List of importers and end users that do not cooperate with verification, and a Control List of foreign entities to which exports are prohibited or restricted. Article 49 lets MOFCOM apply the rules to foreign-made items that contain Chinese-origin controlled items. Canada's Trade Commissioner Service says standard processing can take up to 45 working days.\n\nLicensing now in force:\n\n- gallium and germanium items, from 2023-08-01 (Announcement 2023 No. 23);\n- graphite items, from 2023-12-01 (Announcement 2023 No. 39);\n- antimony and superhard materials, from 2024-09-15 (Announcement 2024 No. 33);\n- seven medium and heavy rare earths (samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium), including alloys, oxides, compounds and magnets, from 2025-04-04 (Announcement 2025 No. 18).\n\nAnnouncement 2025 No. 70 suspended the October 2025 package until 2026-11-10. That package includes Announcement 2025 No. 61, which would control foreign-made items containing 0.1% or more Chinese rare earths. What applies after 2026-11-10 has to be checked on MOFCOM's site.\n","zh":"中国的[《两用物项出口管制条例》](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/dwmygl/art/2024/art_6ed1d5c0336843c493bd45a1911eab17.html)（国务院令第792号）自2024-12-01起施行，同时启用统一的《两用物项出口管制清单》。出口许可证由商务部签发，由中国出口经营者提出申请，外国买方提供最终用户和最终用途证明文件。条例规定了“关注名单”（针对不配合核查的进口商和最终用户）和“管控名单”（针对禁止或限制向其出口的外国实体）。条例第四十九条规定，商务部可将有关规则适用于含有原产于中国的管制物项的境外制造物项。加拿大贸易专员服务处提示，常规审批最长可能需要45个工作日。\n\n目前已实施许可管理的物项：\n\n- 镓、锗相关物项，自2023-08-01起（商务部、海关总署公告2023年第23号）；\n- 石墨相关物项，自2023-12-01起（公告2023年第39号）；\n- 锑和超硬材料相关物项，自2024-09-15起（公告2024年第33号）；\n- 七种中重稀土（钐、钆、铽、镝、镥、钪、钇），包括合金、氧化物、化合物和磁材，自2025-04-04起（公告2025年第18号）。\n\n公告2025年第70号将2025年10月出台的一揽子措施暂停实施至2026-11-10。其中包括商务部公告2025年第61号，该公告拟对含有0.1%及以上中国原产稀土的境外制造物项实施管制。2026-11-10之后适用什么规则，须以商务部网站发布的内容为准。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/dwmygl/art/2024/art_6ed1d5c0336843c493bd45a1911eab17.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"公告2023年第23号（镓、锗相关物项出口管制）","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/dwmygl/art/2023/art_52b9a321087f402bb3d310d18b07967e.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"公告2023年第39号（石墨物项出口管制）","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部产业安全与进出口管制局","url":"https://aqygzj.mofcom.gov.cn/qdml/art/2023/art_28aca48820d94a1ca822047d6716c1d6.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"公告2024年第33号（锑、超硬材料相关物项出口管制）","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2024/art_a4711acb06364199a3c5a06d7f2be6d8.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"公告2025年第18号（部分中重稀土相关物项出口管制）","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部产业安全与进出口管制局","url":"https://aqygzj.mofcom.gov.cn/flzc/gzjgfxwj/art/2025/art_f3a1432ba20248eca12ff7b91bc73fda.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部公告2025年第61号","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_7fc9bff0fb4546ecb02f66ee77d0e5f6.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部 海关总署公告2025年第70号","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_b1ec77dd3f0d4762952904df7cdaadec.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Understanding China's Export Control Law","publisher":"Trade Commissioner Service, Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export/understanding-export-control-law.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"中国出口管制信息网","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://exportcontrol.mofcom.gov.cn/","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"id":"china-entity-lists-and-security-laws","heading":{"en":"China's Unreliable Entity List, Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, data and counter-espionage laws","zh":"中国的不可靠实体清单、反外国制裁法以及数据和反间谍法律"},"body":{"en":"**Unreliable Entity List.** On 2025-10-09 the list's working mechanism [added TechInsights Inc.](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_9b662990fa4a4d26ba3984ab5d826960.html), a Canadian company, and seven of its affiliates, in the same announcement as the Halifax International Security Forum. The measures are a ban on China-related import and export activity, a ban on new investment in China, and a ban on organizations and individuals in China transacting or cooperating with them, in particular transferring data or sensitive information to them. This list is separate from the export control Control List.\n\n**Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law.** Under this law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Order No. 15, effective 2024-12-21, imposed countermeasures on two Canadian organizations, the Uyghur Rights Advocacy Project and the Canada-Tibet Committee, and 20 of their personnel: an asset freeze in China, a ban on transactions and cooperation, and an entry ban that includes Hong Kong and Macao.\n\n**Data and counter-espionage.** The Data Security Law, the Personal Information Protection Law, the Cyberspace Administration's provisions on cross-border data flows and the Counter-Espionage Law are linked below in Chinese. This site did not verify their details on pages it read in full, so it does not summarize them. Canada's [travel advice for China](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china) warns of broad national security laws, arbitrary enforcement of local laws and exit bans.\n","zh":"**不可靠实体清单。**2025-10-09，不可靠实体清单工作机制发布公告，[将加拿大公司TechInsights Inc.及其七家关联企业列入清单](https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_9b662990fa4a4d26ba3984ab5d826960.html)，同一公告还列入了哈利法克斯国际安全论坛（Halifax International Security Forum）。措施包括：禁止其从事与中国有关的进出口活动，禁止其在中国境内新增投资，禁止中国境内的组织和个人与其进行交易、合作等活动，特别是向其传输数据或提供敏感信息。不可靠实体清单与出口管制“管控名单”是两份不同的清单。\n\n**反外国制裁法。**外交部依据该法发布第15号令，自2024-12-21起对两个加拿大机构及其20名人员采取反制措施，即“维吾尔人权倡导项目”（Uyghur Rights Advocacy Project）和“加拿大西藏委员会”（Canada-Tibet Committee）。措施包括：冻结在中国境内的财产，禁止中国境内的组织和个人与其进行交易、合作，以及不予签发签证、不准入境（包括香港和澳门）。\n\n**数据与反间谍。**《数据安全法》《个人信息保护法》、国家网信办《促进和规范数据跨境流动规定》以及《反间谍法》的中文文本链接见下。本站未能在完整阅读的页面上核实这些法律的具体内容，故此处不作概述。加拿大政府的[中国旅行提示](https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china)提示了以下风险：国家安全法律适用范围宽泛，当地法律执行存在任意性，以及限制出境措施。\n"},"sources":[{"title":"不可靠实体清单工作机制关于将反无人机技术公司等外国实体列入不可靠实体清单的公告","publisher":"中华人民共和国商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_9b662990fa4a4d26ba3984ab5d826960.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"商务部令2020年第4号 不可靠实体清单规定","publisher":"中华人民共和国国务院公报","url":"https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2020/content_5565829.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"关于对加拿大机构及人员采取反制措施的决定","publisher":"中华人民共和国外交部","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/wjbxw_new/202412/t20241222_11514801.shtml","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国反外国制裁法","publisher":"全国人民代表大会","url":"http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202106/t20210610_311892.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国数据安全法","publisher":"国家互联网信息办公室","url":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-06/11/c_1624994566919140.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国个人信息保护法","publisher":"国家互联网信息办公室","url":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/20/c_1631050028355286.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"促进和规范数据跨境流动规定","publisher":"国家互联网信息办公室","url":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-03/22/c_1712776611775634.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中华人民共和国反间谍法","publisher":"中华人民共和国中央人民政府","url":"https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/2023-04/27/content_5753385.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Travel advice and advisories for China","publisher":"Government of Canada","url":"https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china","lang":"en","official":true}]}],"faq":[{"q":{"en":"Is there military cooperation between Canada and China in 2026?","zh":"2026年加拿大和中国之间有军事合作吗？"},"a":{"en":"Official sources do not show any. A working-level Defence Coordination Dialogue met on 2026-09-04 for the first time since 2018, and Canada's Department of National Defence told media that defence is an area where Canada will not seek deeper cooperation with China. No official source reports joint exercises, a defence agreement or defence-industrial cooperation.","zh":"官方来源没有显示两国之间存在军事合作。2026-09-04，工作层面的防务协调对话自2018年以来首次举行；加拿大国防部向媒体表示，防务属于加方不寻求与中国深化合作的领域。没有任何官方来源报道联合演习、防务协议或国防工业合作。"}},{"q":{"en":"What did China and Canada each say about the September 2026 defence dialogue?","zh":"对于2026年9月的防务协调对话，中加双方各自是怎么说的？"},"a":{"en":"China's Ministry of National Defense said the two sides expressed willingness to strengthen practical exchanges and cooperation between the two militaries. Canada's Department of National Defence published nothing itself and told the Globe and Mail and CBC that officials met in support of ongoing military-to-military communications at the functional level.","zh":"中国国防部表示，双方表达了加强两军务实交流合作的意愿。加拿大国防部本身没有发布任何内容，只向《环球邮报》和CBC表示，两国官员会面是为了支持两军在职能层面的持续沟通。"}},{"q":{"en":"Have Canada and China held joint military exercises?","zh":"加拿大和中国举行过联合军事演习吗？"},"a":{"en":"Not since 2018, according to the Department of National Defence's own record, which also says Canada cancelled plans in winter 2019 to invite the People's Liberation Army to observe winter survival training. This site found no official report of any exercise or training since then.","zh":"根据加拿大国防部自己的记录，2018年之后没有举行过。该记录还写明，2019年冬加方取消了邀请中国人民解放军观摩冬季生存训练的计划。此后，本站未发现任何有关演习或训练的官方报道。"}},{"q":{"en":"Do I need an export permit to ship dual-use goods or technology from Canada to China?","zh":"从加拿大向中国出口两用物项或技术需要出口许可证吗？"},"a":{"en":"Yes, if the item is on Canada's Export Control List, whose current guide is the January 2026 edition effective 2026-05-01. Technology sent by email, cloud access or technical assistance counts as an export, and sensitive exports to Hong Kong are treated the same way as those destined for China.","zh":"如果物项列入加拿大《出口管制清单》，就需要。现行清单指南为2026年1月版，自2026-05-01起生效。通过电子邮件、云端访问或技术协助转移技术同样属于出口；敏感物项出口到香港与出口到中国同等对待。"}},{"q":{"en":"Is China on Canada's Area Control List?","zh":"中国在加拿大的《区域管制清单》上吗？"},"a":{"en":"No. The Area Control List contains only North Korea. For China the question is whether the item itself is on the Export Control List, including the item 5505 catch-all for weapons of mass destruction end uses.","zh":"不在。《区域管制清单》上只有朝鲜。对中国而言，需要判断的是物项本身是否列入《出口管制清单》，包括针对大规模杀伤性武器最终用途的兜底条款第5505项。"}},{"q":{"en":"Is any Canadian company on China's Unreliable Entity List?","zh":"有加拿大公司被列入中国的不可靠实体清单吗？"},"a":{"en":"Yes. On 2025-10-09 China listed TechInsights Inc. and seven of its affiliates, which bars them from China-related import and export activity and new investment in China, and bars organizations and individuals in China from transacting or cooperating with them. That list is different from the export control Control List.","zh":"有。2025-10-09，中方将TechInsights Inc.及其七家关联企业列入不可靠实体清单，禁止其从事与中国有关的进出口活动和在中国新增投资，并禁止中国境内的组织和个人与其交易、合作。该清单不同于出口管制“管控名单”。"}},{"q":{"en":"Which Chinese critical minerals need an export licence in 2026?","zh":"2026年哪些中国关键矿产出口需要许可证？"},"a":{"en":"Gallium and germanium items (since 2023-08-01), graphite items (2023-12-01), antimony and superhard materials (2024-09-15) and seven medium and heavy rare earths including magnets (2025-04-04) need a dual-use export licence from China's Ministry of Commerce. The wider October 2025 package, including the 0.1% rare earth content rule, is suspended until 2026-11-10.","zh":"镓、锗相关物项（自2023-08-01起）、石墨相关物项（自2023-12-01起）、锑和超硬材料相关物项（自2024-09-15起），以及包括磁材在内的七种中重稀土相关物项（自2025-04-04起），出口均须取得中国商务部的两用物项出口许可证。2025年10月出台的范围更广的一揽子措施（包括稀土含量0.1%规则）暂停实施至2026-11-10。"}},{"q":{"en":"What did the RCMP and China's Ministry of Public Security sign in January 2026?","zh":"2026年1月加拿大皇家骑警与中国公安部签署了什么？"},"a":{"en":"A Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Combating Crimes, listed in the joint statement of 2026-01-16. Its text has not been published, and the RCMP told Global News that it will not release the contents without the agreement of the other party.","zh":"双方签署了《关于打击犯罪的合作谅解备忘录》，该文件列于2026-01-16的联合声明之中。备忘录文本没有公布；RCMP对环球新闻表示，未经另一方同意不会公开其内容。"}}],"related_guides":["investing-canada-china","exporting-to-china","importing-from-china"],"related_measures":["cn-tariff-suspension-2026","cn-retaliatory-tariffs-2025"]}],"timeline":{"reviewed":"2026-09-17","entries":[{"date":"2026-09-11","category":"security","title":{"en":"Canada joins US and Philippine forces in a South China Sea maritime activity","zh":"加拿大与美国、菲律宾在南海开展多边海上合作活动"},"what":{"en":"The Department of National Defence stated on 2026-09-14 that HMCS Regina and its CH-148 helicopter took part in a Multilateral Maritime Cooperative Activity with the Philippines and the United States inside the Philippines' Exclusive Economic Zone on 2026-09-11.","zh":"加拿大国防部2026年9月14日发表声明称，“里贾纳”号护卫舰及其搭载的CH-148直升机于9月11日在菲律宾专属经济区内，与菲律宾和美国共同参加了多边海上合作活动。"},"relevance":{"en":"Indirect for business: one week after the defence dialogue, Canada's operational posture remains aligned with the United States and regional partners, not with China.","zh":"对企业的影响是间接的：防务对话举行一周后，加拿大的军事行动仍与美国及地区伙伴保持一致，而不是与中国协调。"},"sectors":["political-risk","defence"],"sources":[{"title":"Statement on Canada's participation in Multilateral Maritime Cooperative Activity","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2026/09/statement-on-canadas-participation-in-multilateral-maritime-cooperative-activity.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-09-08","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Parliamentary Secretary Hogan attends the APEC Energy Ministers' Meeting in China","zh":"加拿大议会秘书霍根赴华出席亚太经合组织能源部长会议"},"what":{"en":"Natural Resources Canada says that from 2026-09-08 to 2026-09-11 Canada had its first political-level representation at the APEC Energy Ministers' Meeting in more than 10 years, with meetings in Shanghai and Beijing. It also says China takes approximately 60% of the seaborne crude exports from the Trans Mountain Expansion.","zh":"加拿大自然资源部表示，2026年9月8日至11日，加拿大十多年来首次派政治层级代表出席亚太经合组织能源部长会议，并在上海和北京举行了会见。该部还称，跨山输油管道扩建项目经海运出口的原油中，约60%销往中国。"},"relevance":{"en":"Crude oil, LNG and LPG exported to China and the rest of Asia.","zh":"涉及对华及对亚洲其他市场出口的原油、液化天然气和液化石油气。"},"sectors":["energy","oil-gas","lng"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada strengthens energy collaboration with Indo-Pacific countries to attract investment, create jobs and diversify trade","publisher":"Natural Resources Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/natural-resources-canada/news/2026/09/canada-strengthens-energy-collaboration-with-indo-pacific-countries-to-attract-investment-create-jobs-and-diversify-trade.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-09-04","category":"security","title":{"en":"Canada and China hold their first Defence Coordination Dialogue since 2018","zh":"中加举行2018年以来首次国防部工作对话"},"what":{"en":"In September 2026 Canada and China held their first Defence Coordination Dialogue since 2018, in Ottawa. China's defence ministry said both sides expressed willingness to strengthen practical exchanges between the two militaries. Canada's defence department described the meeting as working-level military-to-military communication and said defence is not an area where it will seek deeper cooperation with China; its statement was given to media and no Government of Canada web publication exists, so news reports are listed for the Canadian wording.","zh":"2026年9月，中加在渥太华举行2018年以来的首次国防部工作对话（第五次）。中国国防部表示，双方表达了加强两军务实交流的意愿。加拿大国防部则称，此次会议属于工作层面的两军沟通，并表示防务不属于加方寻求与中国深化合作的领域；加方声明仅向媒体提供，加拿大政府网站未予发布，故加方表述的来源为新闻报道。"},"relevance":{"en":"Indirect for business: a risk-management channel, not a commercial or defence-industrial opening; defence trade with China remains closed.","zh":"对企业的影响是间接的：这是风险管控渠道，并不意味着商业或国防工业领域的开放；对华防务贸易仍然关闭。"},"sectors":["political-risk","defence"],"sources":[{"title":"5th China-Canada Defense Coordination Dialogue held in Canada, 2026-09-05","publisher":"Ministry of National Defense of China","url":"http://eng.mod.gov.cn/2025xb/N/T/16483829.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada holds first defence coordination talks with China in more than eight years (news report)","publisher":"The Globe and Mail","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-canada-first-defence-coordination-talks-china-more-than-eight-years/","lang":"en","official":false},{"title":"Canada, China and military cooperation (news report, 2026-09-09)","publisher":"CBC News and The Canadian Press","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-china-military-cooperation-9.7337345","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"date":"2026-09","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Trade data: record first-half exports to China","zh":"贸易数据：上半年对华出口创新高"},"what":{"en":"Global Affairs Canada's country page (modified 2026-09-14) reports 2025 two-way merchandise trade of $125.6 billion and Canadian exports to China of $35.0 billion, up 16.8%. A report by the Canada China Business Council and the University of Alberta China Institute, based on Statistics Canada data and covered by CBC, shows first-half 2026 exports to China up 30.1% to $21.74 billion and imports down 5.8% to $44.86 billion, with energy and minerals at 58.4% of domestic exports. No official page with the first-half 2026 figures was found, so a news report is listed for them.","zh":"加拿大全球事务部国别页面（2026年9月14日更新）显示，2025年中加货物贸易总额为1256亿加元，加拿大对华出口350亿加元，增长16.8%。加中贸易理事会与阿尔伯塔大学中国学院根据加拿大统计局数据编写的报告（经CBC报道）显示，2026年上半年加拿大对华出口增长30.1%，达217.4亿加元，自华进口下降5.8%，为448.6亿加元，能源和矿产占本国产品出口的58.4%。未找到载有2026年上半年数据的官方页面，故该部分数据的来源为新闻报道。"},"relevance":{"en":"Energy (crude oil, propane), copper and other ores, and canola exported to China: the growth is led by resources.","zh":"涉及对华出口的能源（原油、丙烷）、铜等矿产品和油菜籽：出口增长主要由资源类产品带动。"},"sectors":["energy","mining","canola","statistics"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada-China relations","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/china-chine/relations.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada's exports to China up in the first half of 2026 (news report, 2026-09)","publisher":"CBC News","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-china-trade-export-up-2026-9.7340408","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"date":"2026-08-29","category":"trade","title":{"en":"EV quota: second six-month period opens after an under-used first period","zh":"电动汽车配额：第一期未用完，第二个半年期开启"},"what":{"en":"Notice to Importers No. 1168 (2026-08-29) sets the second period of Quota Year 1 (2026-09-01 to 2027-02-28) at 24,500 vehicles plus any unused volumes from the first period. Official utilization data updated on 2026-09-11 show 15,603 permits used in the first period, leaving 8,897 unused, and 15,763 of 49,000 used for the year to date. Of first-period imports, 7,805 were battery-electric passenger vehicles valued at $35,000 or less.","zh":"第1168号进口商通告（2026年8月29日）规定，第一配额年度第二期（2026年9月1日至2027年2月28日）的配额为24500辆，另加第一期未使用的数量。2026年9月11日更新的官方使用数据显示，第一期共使用许可证15603辆，剩余8897辆未使用；本年度迄今已使用15763辆，总配额为49000辆。第一期进口车辆中，有7805辆是价格不超过3.5万加元的纯电动乘用车。"},"relevance":{"en":"Auto importers, dealers and fleet buyers: the quota is not yet the binding constraint; certification and distribution are.","zh":"涉及汽车进口商、经销商和车队采购方：目前制约进口的不是配额，而是车辆认证和销售渠道。"},"sectors":["electric-vehicles","autos"],"sources":[{"title":"Notice to Importers, Serial No. 1168","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/notices-avis/1168.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Imports of electric vehicles from China: utilization report","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.eics-scei.gc.ca/report-rapport/Imports_of_electric_vehicles_from_China.htm","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-08-06","category":"security","title":{"en":"Operation North Pacific Guard 2026 results (fisheries enforcement)","zh":"2026年“北太平洋卫士”行动结果公布（渔业执法）"},"what":{"en":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada reported 30 high-seas inspections and 52 potential violations found at sea plus 21 from air patrols. The partners named are the Fisheries Agency of Japan, the US Coast Guard, NOAA and the Korea Coast Guard; China is not named as a partner or as a flag state in the release.","zh":"加拿大渔业和海洋部通报，行动期间共实施30次公海登临检查，海上发现52起涉嫌违规行为，空中巡逻另发现21起。新闻稿列明的合作方为日本水产厅、美国海岸警卫队、美国国家海洋和大气管理局以及韩国海洋警察厅；中国既未被列为合作方，也未被列为船旗国。"},"relevance":{"en":"Seafood sector, rules enforcement on the high seas: this is not a Canada-China cooperation activity.","zh":"涉及水产行业和公海渔业执法：该行动不属于中加合作项目。"},"sectors":["seafood","fisheries"],"sources":[{"title":"Operation North Pacific Guard strengthens relations with Japan, monitors high seas fisheries during Pacific-wide patrol","publisher":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/fisheries-oceans/news/2026/08/operation-north-pacific-guard-strengthens-relations-with-japan-monitors-high-seas-fisheries-during-pacific-wide-patrol.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-07-21","category":"political","title":{"en":"Anand and Wang Yi meet in Manila","zh":"阿南德与王毅在马尼拉会晤"},"what":{"en":"According to China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Wang Yi said bilateral trade grew 16% year on year in the first half of 2026 and Canadian exports to China rose 23.3% (Chinese customs basis), that Canadian canola and beef have returned to the Chinese market and that Chinese electric vehicles have entered the Canadian market. Anand is quoted as ready to deepen cooperation in energy, trade, finance and drug control. No Canadian readout was located.","zh":"据中国外交部消息，王毅表示，2026年上半年中加贸易额同比增长16%，加拿大对华出口增长23.3%（中国海关统计口径），加拿大油菜籽、牛肉等农产品重返中国市场，中国电动汽车进入加拿大市场。通稿称，阿南德表示愿深化能源、贸易、金融、禁毒等领域的互利合作。未找到加方发布的通稿。"},"relevance":{"en":"Energy, agri-food and finance: the third foreign minister contact of 2026.","zh":"涉及能源、农产品和食品、金融：这是2026年两国外长的第三次接触。"},"sectors":["energy","agri-food","finance"],"sources":[{"title":"Wang Yi meets with Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjbzhd/202607/t20260723_11990192.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-07-20","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Canada-US trade rupture deepens (context)","zh":"加美贸易关系进一步恶化（背景）"},"what":{"en":"On 2026-07-20 Prime Minister Carney said the United States had announced its intention to impose a new 50% tariff on a significant number of Canadian goods. On 2026-08-21 he said he had decided to suspend trade negotiations with the United States, that the United States intended to impose a 50% tariff on roughly $28 billion of Canadian goods, and that Canada will match those tariffs dollar for dollar.","zh":"2026年7月20日，卡尼总理表示，美国已宣布拟对大量加拿大商品新征50%的关税。8月21日，他表示已决定暂停与美国的贸易谈判，美方拟对约280亿加元的加拿大商品征收50%的关税，加拿大将采取同等金额的对等关税反制。"},"relevance":{"en":"All exporters: this is the main driver of Ottawa's push to diversify trade toward China and the Indo-Pacific.","zh":"涉及所有出口企业：这是加拿大政府推动贸易向中国和印太地区多元化的主要动因。"},"sectors":["all-sectors","canada-us-trade"],"sources":[{"title":"Statement by Prime Minister Carney on the United States administration's intention to impose new tariffs","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/07/20/statement-prime-minister-carney-united-states-administrations-intention","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Statement by Prime Minister Carney on Canada-U.S. trade negotiations","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/08/21/statement-prime-minister-carney-canada-us-trade-negotiations","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-07-01","category":"political","title":{"en":"CUSMA joint review held with no extension announced; Chinese ambassador's Taiwan warning published","zh":"《美墨加协定》联合审议举行，未宣布延期；中国驻加大使涉台表态发布"},"what":{"en":"After the trilateral Free Trade Commission meeting, Minister LeBlanc said the parties agreed on the importance of continuing their discussions; the statement announces no extension, notes that CUSMA remains in force until 2036 and does not mention China. On the same day the Chinese Embassy published Ambassador Wang Di's Reuters interview, in which he said China hopes Canada can honour its one-China commitment with concrete actions and that China opposes parliamentarians' engagement with Taiwan.","zh":"三方自由贸易委员会会议后，勒布朗部长表示，各方一致认为继续磋商十分重要；声明未宣布协定延期，指出《美墨加协定》有效期至2036年，也未提及中国。同日，中国驻加拿大使馆发布王镝大使接受路透社采访的实录，他表示希望加方以实际行动恪守一个中国承诺，并反对加拿大议员与台湾方面往来。"},"relevance":{"en":"All Canada-US trade: CUSMA's non-market economy provisions and US pressure limit how far Canada can open to Chinese autos and investment.","zh":"涉及全部加美贸易：《美墨加协定》的非市场经济国家条款和美方压力，限制了加拿大对中国汽车和投资的开放程度。"},"sectors":["all-sectors","canada-us-trade","autos"],"sources":[{"title":"Statement by Minister LeBlanc following trilateral CUSMA joint review meeting","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/07/statement-by-minister-leblanc-following-trilateral-cusma-joint-review-meeting.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Ambassador Wang Di's interview with Reuters","publisher":"Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Canada","url":"https://ca.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgxw/202607/t20260701_11956057.htm","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-06-30","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China's preliminary anti-dumping ruling on Canadian pea starch: 73.5% deposit","zh":"中国对加拿大豌豆淀粉反倾销作出初裁：保证金比率73.5%"},"what":{"en":"MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 25 made a preliminary finding of dumping and imposed provisional deposits of 73.5% on all Canadian pea starch (HS 11081900) from 2026-07-01. This is a preliminary determination, not a final one.","zh":"商务部2026年第25号公告初步认定原产于加拿大的进口豌豆淀粉（税则号列11081900）存在倾销，自2026年7月1日起对所有加拿大公司按73.5%的比率征收保证金。这是初步裁定，不是最终裁定。"},"relevance":{"en":"Pulse processing and plant-protein ingredients exported to China: new trade remedy actions continue despite the Roadmap language on avoiding unilateral measures.","zh":"涉及对华出口的豆类加工品和植物蛋白原料：尽管路线图提出努力避免单边措施，新的贸易救济案件仍在发生。"},"sectors":["agri-food","pulses","food-ingredients"],"sources":[{"title":"商务部公告2026年第25号","publisher":"商务部贸易救济调查局","url":"https://trb.mofcom.gov.cn/myjjdc/art/2026/art_f4f2c71b83534915a79de57e54414952.html","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-06-14","category":"investment","title":{"en":"Industry Minister Joly travels to China, then Japan, to meet EV makers","zh":"加拿大工业部长赵美兰访问中国和日本，会见电动汽车企业"},"what":{"en":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada announced that Minister Joly and Parliamentary Secretary Kody Blois would travel to China and Japan from 2026-06-14 to 2026-06-23 to advance commercial opportunities with appropriate guardrails. The Globe and Mail reported that she would meet BYD, Chery, Geely and Shanghai Launch Automotive and wants Canadian contract manufacturing for Chinese EV makers. No official release on the outcome of the trip was found, so the company-level details rest on the news report.","zh":"加拿大创新、科学和经济发展部宣布，赵美兰部长与议会秘书布洛瓦（Kody Blois）将于2026年6月14日至23日访问中国和日本，在设置适当“护栏”的前提下推进商业机会。《环球邮报》报道称，她将会见比亚迪、奇瑞、吉利和上海 Launch Automotive 公司，并希望由加拿大工厂为中国电动汽车企业代工生产。未见官方发布此访成果，企业层面的细节仅见于该新闻报道。"},"relevance":{"en":"Auto assembly, parts suppliers and the battery supply chain: Chinese investment into Canada, joint ventures and contract manufacturing.","zh":"涉及整车组装、零部件供应商和电池供应链：中国对加投资、合资企业和代工生产。"},"sectors":["autos","electric-vehicles","batteries","investment"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Joly to travel to China and Japan to advance Canadian interests abroad","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/06/minister-joly-to-travel-to-china-and-japan-to-advance-canadian-interests-abroad.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Joly to meet Chinese EV makers in Shanghai (news report, 2026-06)","publisher":"The Globe and Mail","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-joly-chinese-ev-makers-shanghai-auto-industry-investment/","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"date":"2026-05-29","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Culture Minister Miller in Beijing and Shanghai; Joint Committee on Culture meets","zh":"加拿大文化部长米勒访问北京和上海，中加文化联委会举行会议"},"what":{"en":"From 2026-05-25 to 2026-05-29 the second meeting of the Canada-China Joint Committee on Culture was held in Beijing. Two institutional memoranda were signed (Library and Archives Canada with the National Library of China, and the National Gallery of Canada with the National Art Museum of China), and both sides agreed to keep advancing a television coproduction treaty. A Canadian creative industries trade mission to China is planned for fall 2026.","zh":"2026年5月25日至29日，中加文化联合委员会第二次会议在北京举行。双方机构签署了两份谅解备忘录（加拿大国家图书档案馆与中国国家图书馆、加拿大国家美术馆与中国美术馆），并同意继续推进电视合拍协议。加方计划于2026年秋季组织创意产业贸易代表团访华。"},"relevance":{"en":"Film, television, publishing, games and museums: Canadian creative exports to China.","zh":"涉及影视、出版、游戏和博物馆：加拿大创意产业对华出口。"},"sectors":["culture","film-tv","publishing","games"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Miller helps advance Canada's commercial, cultural and diplomatic relations in China","publisher":"Canadian Heritage","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/news/2026/05/minister-miller-helps-advance-canadas-commercial-cultural-and-diplomatic-relations-in-china.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-05-29","category":"political","title":{"en":"Wang Yi visits Ottawa; new political and security dialogue mechanisms","zh":"王毅访问渥太华，双方建立和恢复多项政治安全对话机制"},"what":{"en":"In the first visit by a Chinese foreign minister since 2016, Wang Yi met Prime Minister Carney and held talks with Minister Anand. The Canadian readout says the ministers committed to annual foreign ministers' meetings under a new high-level Diplomatic and Strategic Dialogue, welcomed the resumption of the Political and Security Consultation mechanism and the re-establishment of the National Security and Rule of Law Dialogue, and that Anand raised consular issues, foreign interference, forced labour and human rights. Canada accepted China's invitation to be a country of honour at the 9th China International Import Expo; neither side's readout mentions defence or military cooperation.","zh":"这是2016年以来中国外长首次访加。王毅会见卡尼总理，并与阿南德外长举行会谈。加方通稿称，两国外长承诺在新设的高级别外交与战略对话框架下每年举行外长会晤，欢迎恢复两国外交部门的政治与安全磋商机制，重建国家安全与法治对话；阿南德提出了领事案件、外国干预、强迫劳动和人权问题。加方接受中方邀请，担任第九届中国国际进口博览会主宾国；双方通稿均未提及防务或军事合作。"},"relevance":{"en":"All sectors: the CIIE in Shanghai in November 2026 is a major sales platform where Canada will be a country of honour.","zh":"涉及所有行业：2026年11月在上海举行的进博会是重要的销售平台，加拿大将担任主宾国。"},"sectors":["all-sectors","trade-shows"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Anand meets with Director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/05/minister-anand-meets-with-director-of-the-office-of-the-central-commission-for-foreign-affairs-and-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-peoples-repub.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Wang Yi holds talks with Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbzhd/202606/t20260603_11936933.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney meets with Wang Yi","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjbzhd/202606/t20260601_11922088.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-05-22","category":"security","title":{"en":"HMCS Charlottetown transits the Taiwan Strait; China objects","zh":"加拿大“夏洛特敦”号护卫舰穿越台湾海峡，中方表示反对"},"what":{"en":"The Department of National Defence confirmed to media that HMCS Charlottetown conducted a routine transit through the Taiwan Strait on 2026-05-22, completed on 2026-05-23. No web publication of that statement by the department was found, so news reports are listed. Asked about the transit on 2026-05-29, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said China firmly opposes acts that undermine China's sovereignty and security in the name of freedom of navigation.","zh":"加拿大国防部向媒体证实，“夏洛特敦”号护卫舰于2026年5月22日例行穿越台湾海峡，5月23日完成航行。未见国防部在其网站发布该声明，故此处列出新闻报道。5月29日，中国外交部发言人毛宁在答问时表示，中方坚决反对以航行自由为名损害中国主权和安全的行为。"},"relevance":{"en":"Indirect for business: security friction continues alongside the trade thaw and is a live risk to it.","zh":"对企业的影响是间接的：经贸关系回暖的同时，安全领域的摩擦仍在持续，并对回暖进程构成现实风险。"},"sectors":["political-risk"],"sources":[{"title":"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning's regular press conference, 2026-05-29","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/202605/t20260529_11921368.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"HMCS Charlottetown transits the Taiwan Strait (news report, 2026-05-28)","publisher":"The Globe and Mail","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-hmcs-charlottetown-canadian-warship-taiwan-strait/","lang":"en","official":false},{"title":"Canadian warship transit of the Taiwan Strait (news report, 2026-05-30)","publisher":"Taipei Times","url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/05/30/2003858234","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"date":"2026-04-20","category":"travel","title":{"en":"More flights between Canada and China","zh":"中加增加航班"},"what":{"en":"Transport Canada announced an incremental increase in passenger flights and up to 20 all-cargo flights per week, with reciprocal access to all points in each country. The release does not give the number of passenger flights.","zh":"加拿大交通部宣布逐步增加中加之间的客运航班，全货运航班增至每周最多20班，双方航空公司可对等通航对方境内所有航点。新闻稿未公布客运航班的具体班次。"},"relevance":{"en":"Air cargo, perishables such as seafood, tourism and business travel, in both directions.","zh":"涉及双向的航空货运、水产品等生鲜易腐货物、旅游和商务出行。"},"sectors":["aviation","air-cargo","seafood","tourism","business-travel"],"sources":[{"title":"The Government of Canada announces increase in flights between Canada and China","publisher":"Transport Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/transport-canada/news/2026/04/the-government-of-canada-announces-increase-in-flights-between-canada-and-china.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-04-16","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Trade Minister Sidhu in Haikou and Guangzhou; Canada is Guest Country of Honour at the Consumer Products Expo","zh":"加拿大贸易部长西杜访问海口和广州，加拿大担任消博会主宾国"},"what":{"en":"From 2026-04-12 to 2026-04-16 Canada was Guest Country of Honour at the 6th China International Consumer Products Expo, with nearly 40 Canadian brands. Minister Sidhu met Vice Premier He Lifeng and Hainan Party Secretary Feng Fei and met Alibaba, JD, BYD, XPeng and GAC Group. Global Affairs Canada reports that 24 commercial agreements and memoranda of understanding were signed between companies.","zh":"2026年4月12日至16日，加拿大担任第六届中国国际消费品博览会主宾国，近40个加拿大品牌参展。西杜部长会见国务院副总理何立峰和海南省委书记冯飞，并与阿里巴巴、京东、比亚迪、小鹏和广汽集团会面。加拿大全球事务部称，两国企业共签署24项商业协议和谅解备忘录。"},"relevance":{"en":"Consumer goods, agri-food and e-commerce exports to China, and autos.","zh":"涉及对华出口的消费品、农产品和食品、电子商务，以及汽车行业。"},"sectors":["consumer-goods","agri-food","e-commerce","autos"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Sidhu to represent Canada and advance trade efforts in People's Republic of China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/04/minister-sidhu-to-represent-canada-and-advance-trade-efforts-in-peoples-republic-of-china.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Minister Sidhu advances trade, investment and economic cooperation during visit to South China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/04/minister-sidhu-advances-trade-investment-and-economic-cooperation-during-visit-to-south-china.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-04-07","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Public consultation on how to allocate the EV quota","zh":"加拿大就电动汽车配额分配方式公开征求意见"},"what":{"en":"From 2026-04-07 to 2026-05-01 Global Affairs Canada consulted on the allocation and administration of the electric vehicle import quota. Until further notice the quota remains first-come, first-served.","zh":"2026年4月7日至5月1日，加拿大全球事务部就电动汽车进口配额的分配和管理方式公开征求意见。在另行通知之前，配额继续按先到先得的原则发放。"},"relevance":{"en":"Auto manufacturers, importers and dealers: the allocation rules may change after the first quota year.","zh":"涉及整车企业、进口商和经销商：第一个配额年度结束后，分配规则可能调整。"},"sectors":["electric-vehicles","autos"],"sources":[{"title":"Electric vehicle imports from China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-04-03","category":"investment","title":{"en":"Finance Minister Champagne in Beijing: Financial Working Group launched","zh":"加拿大财长商鹏飞访问北京：中加金融工作组启动"},"what":{"en":"Minister Champagne, with the Governor of the Bank of Canada and the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, met Vice Premier He Lifeng and Finance Minister Lan Fo'an and launched the Canada-China Financial Working Group through a joint statement with People's Bank of China Governor Pan Gongsheng. He invited He Lifeng to Canada in the fall for the Economic and Financial Strategic Dialogue (EFSD); China's State Council site says both sides agreed to hold it in the second half of 2026.","zh":"商鹏飞部长率加拿大央行行长和金融机构监管署署长访华，会见国务院副总理何立峰和财政部长蓝佛安，并与中国人民银行行长潘功胜发表联合声明，启动中加金融工作组。他邀请何立峰秋季赴加举行中加经济财金战略对话；中国政府网消息称，双方同意于2026年下半年举行该对话。"},"relevance":{"en":"Banking, insurance, asset management and pension funds: Canadian financial services in China, and access to the renminbi and bond markets.","zh":"涉及银行、保险、资产管理和养老基金：加拿大金融服务业在华经营，以及人民币和债券市场准入。"},"sectors":["finance","banking","insurance","asset-management"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Champagne concludes productive visit to the People's Republic of China, advances Canadian trade and financial services partnerships","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2026/04/minister-champagne-concludes-productive-visit-to-the-peoples-republic-of-china-advances-canadian-trade-and-financial-services-partnerships.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"State Council news item on the meeting with Canada's finance minister, 2026-04-03","publisher":"State Council of China","url":"https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202604/03/content_WS69cfbd2ec6d00ca5f9a0a3f4.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-03-26","category":"political","title":{"en":"Anand and Wang Yi speak by phone","zh":"阿南德与王毅通电话"},"what":{"en":"According to China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the ministers discussed the Middle East and agreed to implement the results of the January visit and to resume dialogues at all levels. No Canadian readout was located.","zh":"据中国外交部发布的消息，两国外长就中东局势交换了意见，同意落实1月访问成果，恢复各层级对话。未找到加方发布的通稿。"},"relevance":{"en":"General: confirms that dialogue mechanisms were being restarted.","zh":"总体层面：表明各项对话机制正在重启。"},"sectors":["all-sectors"],"sources":[{"title":"Wang Yi has a phone call with Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbzhd/202603/t20260329_11883062.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-03-09","category":"investment","title":{"en":"Canada replaces the TikTok wind-up order with a conditional approval","zh":"加拿大撤销 TikTok 清盘命令，改为附条件批准"},"what":{"en":"After a further national security review, the government permitted TikTok Technology Canada's investment to proceed subject to new legally binding undertakings, including data access gateways, protections for minors, an independent third-party monitor and a continued Canadian presence.","zh":"加拿大政府完成进一步的国家安全审查后，允许 TikTok Technology Canada 的投资继续进行，但须遵守新的具有法律约束力的承诺，包括设置数据访问关口、保护未成年人、接受独立第三方监督以及保留在加拿大的实体存在。"},"relevance":{"en":"Technology, digital advertising and creators: some Chinese-owned firms now receive conditional approval instead of prohibition, while the Hikvision order remains in place.","zh":"涉及科技、数字广告和内容创作者：部分中资企业从被禁止转为获得附条件批准，但针对海康威视的命令仍然有效。"},"sectors":["technology","digital-advertising","investment"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Joly's statement on the outcome of the further national security review of TikTok Technology Canada, Inc. under the Investment Canada Act","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/03/minister-jolys-statement-on-the-outcome-of-the-further-national-security-review-of-tiktok-technology-canada-inc-under-the-investment-canada-act.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"National security decisions","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-03-04","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Canada confirms the market access results","zh":"加拿大确认对华市场准入成果"},"what":{"en":"Five ministers confirmed that, effective 2026-03-01, China cut canola seed duties to 14.9% and suspended the tariffs on canola meal, peas, lobster and crab to the end of 2026. They also confirmed that China had resumed beef access for 20 establishments (2026-01-15) and access for bovine and porcine genetics, and that Canada had implemented the 49,000 EV quota and the steel and aluminum remissions.","zh":"加拿大五位部长联合确认：自2026年3月1日起，中方将油菜籽综合税率降至14.9%，并在2026年底前暂停对菜籽粕、豌豆、龙虾和蟹加征关税。声明还确认，中方已于2026年1月15日恢复20家加拿大牛肉企业的对华准入，并恢复牛和猪遗传物质的准入；加方已实施4.9万辆电动汽车配额和钢铝附加税减免。"},"relevance":{"en":"Canola, pulses, seafood, beef, animal genetics and pet food exported to China, and autos imported into Canada.","zh":"涉及对华出口的油菜籽、豆类、水产品、牛肉、动物遗传物质和宠物食品，以及加拿大进口的汽车。"},"sectors":["agri-food","canola","pulses","seafood","beef","animal-genetics","autos"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada secures renewed market access with China to boost exports and strengthen economic collaboration","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/03/canada-secures-renewed-market-access-with-china-to-boost-exports-and-strengthen-economic-collaboration.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-02-28","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China's final ruling on Canadian canola seed: 5.9% for five years","zh":"中国对加拿大油菜籽反倾销作出终裁：税率5.9%，为期五年"},"what":{"en":"MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 14 set a definitive anti-dumping duty of 5.9% on all Canadian canola seed for five years from 2026-03-01, down from the 75.8% provisional rate. With the 9% MFN duty the combined rate is 14.9%. Deposits collected from 2025-12-14 to 2026-02-28 are refunded, and for 2025-08-14 to 2025-12-13 the excess over 5.9% is refunded.","zh":"商务部2026年第14号公告决定，自2026年3月1日起对原产于加拿大的进口油菜籽征收反倾销税，所有加拿大公司的税率均为5.9%，期限五年，此前的保证金比率为75.8%。加上9%的最惠国税率，综合税率为14.9%。2025年12月14日至2026年2月28日收取的保证金予以退还；2025年8月14日至12月13日收取的保证金，超出5.9%的部分予以退还。"},"relevance":{"en":"Canola seed: Canadian exports to China reopened at a workable duty.","zh":"涉及油菜籽：加拿大油菜籽得以按可承受的税率重新进入中国市场。"},"sectors":["agri-food","canola"],"sources":[{"title":"商务部公告2026年第14号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_545de9da8f9744459d17cc6fd3ab0132.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Canada secures renewed market access with China to boost exports and strengthen economic collaboration","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/03/canada-secures-renewed-market-access-with-china-to-boost-exports-and-strengthen-economic-collaboration.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-02-27","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China suspends retaliatory tariffs on canola meal, peas, lobster and crab until 2026-12-31","zh":"中国暂停对加拿大菜籽粕、豌豆、龙虾和蟹加征关税至2026年12月31日"},"what":{"en":"MOFCOM Announcement 2026 No. 13 adjusted the anti-discrimination measures, citing the preliminary joint arrangement and Canada's adjustment of its steel and aluminum measures. The Customs Tariff Commission announced that from 2026-03-01 to 2026-12-31 the additional 100% tariff on Canadian oil cakes (canola meal) and peas and the additional 25% tariff on lobster and crab are not applied. The additional 100% on canola oil and 25% on pork and on other fish and seafood remain in force.","zh":"商务部2026年第13号公告调整了反歧视措施，理由是中加已达成初步联合安排，且加方调整了钢铝相关措施。国务院关税税则委员会宣布，自2026年3月1日至12月31日，对原产于加拿大的油渣饼（菜籽粕）、豌豆不加征100%关税，对龙虾、蟹不加征25%关税。对菜子油加征的100%关税，以及对猪肉和其他水产品加征的25%关税继续有效。"},"relevance":{"en":"Canola meal, peas, lobster and crab exporters get time-limited relief; canola oil, pork and other seafood exporters still face the 2025 tariffs.","zh":"菜籽粕、豌豆、龙虾和蟹的出口商获得有期限的关税减免；菜籽油、猪肉和其他水产品出口商仍须承担2025年加征的关税。"},"sectors":["agri-food","canola","pulses","seafood","pork"],"sources":[{"title":"商务部公告2026年第13号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_52b7b305759f414cb86aad99c264426a.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"国务院关税税则委员会关于调整对原产于加拿大的部分进口商品加征关税措施的公告（税委会公告2026年第2号）","publisher":"财政部关税司","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202602/t20260227_3984176.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"中国贸易救济信息网转载的关税税则委员会公告报道","publisher":"商务部中国贸易救济信息网","url":"https://cacs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/gnwjmdt/sb/sbqt/202602/187323.html","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Question Period note AAFC-2026-QP-00016","publisher":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","url":"https://search.open.canada.ca/qpnotes/record/aafc-aac,AAFC-2026-QP-00016","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-02-27","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China suspends two Canadian soybean exporters","zh":"中国暂停两家加拿大大豆出口商的对华出口资格"},"what":{"en":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada states that two Canadian soybean exporters were suspended by China as of 2026-02-27, describes it as a technical issue related to plant health, and says other exporters continue to ship. The company names have not been published.","zh":"加拿大农业及农业食品部表示，自2026年2月27日起，中方暂停了两家加拿大大豆出口商的对华出口，称这是与植物检疫有关的技术问题，其他出口商仍可正常发货。涉事企业名称未公布。"},"relevance":{"en":"Soybeans exported to China: non-tariff, phytosanitary actions continue during the thaw.","zh":"涉及对华出口的大豆：两国关系回暖期间，植物检疫等非关税措施仍在发生。"},"sectors":["agri-food","soybeans"],"sources":[{"title":"Question Period note AAFC-2026-QP-00016","publisher":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","url":"https://search.open.canada.ca/qpnotes/record/aafc-aac,AAFC-2026-QP-00016","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-02-24","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Canada implements the EV quota and repeals the 100% EV surtax","zh":"加拿大实施电动汽车配额并取消100%电动汽车附加税"},"what":{"en":"By orders registered on 2026-02-24, Canada added Chinese-origin electric vehicles to the Import Control List, with a permit required from 2026-03-01, and amended the China Surtax Order (2024) to remove the EV surtax. CBSA Customs Notice 26-05 explains the permit requirement, and Notice to Importers No. 1162 set first-come, first-served rules for the first period. An earlier order, registered on 2026-01-30, expanded and extended the steel and aluminum surtax remissions.","zh":"根据2026年2月24日登记的两项命令，加拿大将原产于中国的电动汽车列入《进口管制清单》，自2026年3月1日起须凭进口许可证进口，同时修订《对华附加税令（2024）》，取消电动汽车附加税。加拿大边境服务局第26-05号海关通告说明了许可证要求，第1162号进口商通告规定第一期配额按先到先得的原则发放。此前于2026年1月30日登记的另一项命令扩大并延长了钢铝附加税减免。"},"relevance":{"en":"Auto importers, dealers and manufacturers (only EV manufacturers or their Canadian-resident agents are eligible for permits), and steel and aluminum users in Canada.","zh":"涉及汽车进口商、经销商和整车企业（只有电动汽车制造商或其指定的加拿大居民代理人可以申请许可证），以及加拿大的钢铝用户。"},"sectors":["electric-vehicles","autos","steel","aluminum"],"sources":[{"title":"Order Amending the Import Control List (2026-1), SOR/2026-32","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-03-11/html/sor-dors32-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Amending the China Surtax Order (2024), SOR/2026-33","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-03-11/html/sor-dors33-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Customs Notice 26-05: Permit requirement to import Chinese-made electric vehicles to Canada","publisher":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn26-05-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Electric vehicle imports from China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Amending the China Surtax Remission Order (2024), No. 2, SOR/2026-14","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-02-11/html/sor-dors14-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-02-15","category":"travel","title":{"en":"China grants visa-free entry to Canadians","zh":"中国对加拿大公民实施免签入境政策"},"what":{"en":"China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that from 2026-02-17 holders of ordinary Canadian passports may enter China without a visa for up to 30 days for business, tourism, family or friends visits, exchange and transit. The policy is effective until 2026-12-31.","zh":"中国外交部宣布，自2026年2月17日起，持普通护照的加拿大公民来华经商、旅游观光、探亲访友、交流访问和过境不超过30天，可免办签证入境。该政策有效期至2026年12月31日。"},"relevance":{"en":"All sectors: business travel to China needs no visa for stays of 30 days or less, but only until 2026-12-31 unless the policy is extended.","zh":"涉及所有行业：停留不超过30天的赴华商务出行无需办理签证，但除非政策延期，仅适用至2026年12月31日。"},"sectors":["all-sectors","business-travel","tourism"],"sources":[{"title":"Foreign Ministry spokesperson's remarks on the visa-free policy for Canada and the United Kingdom, 2026-02-15","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/fyrbt/202602/t20260215_11860467.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-02-06","category":"legal","title":{"en":"China's Supreme People's Court overturns Robert Schellenberg's death sentence","zh":"中国最高人民法院撤销对加拿大公民谢伦伯格的死刑判决"},"what":{"en":"CBC, citing a Canadian official, reported that the Supreme People's Court struck down the death sentence imposed at Robert Schellenberg's 2019 retrial and sent the case back. No official publication was found; Global Affairs Canada's comment was given to media and not published.","zh":"加拿大广播公司（CBC）援引加拿大官员的话报道，最高人民法院撤销了谢伦伯格（Robert Schellenberg）在2019年重审中被判处的死刑，并将案件发回重审。未见官方发布相关信息；加拿大全球事务部仅向媒体作出回应，未公开发布。"},"relevance":{"en":"Indirect for business: a consular signal that accompanies the thaw and is relevant to perceived travel risk.","zh":"对企业的影响是间接的：这是伴随两国关系回暖出现的领事层面信号，与赴华出行的风险预期有关。"},"sectors":["business-travel","political-risk"],"sources":[{"title":"China overturns Robert Schellenberg death sentence (news report, 2026-02-06)","publisher":"CBC News","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/china-overturns-robert-schellenberg-death-sentence-9.7078324","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"date":"2026-01-26","category":"political","title":{"en":"US reaction: Trump threatens a 100% tariff; Carney says Canada will not pursue a free trade agreement with China","zh":"美方反应：特朗普威胁加征100%关税，卡尼表示无意与中国商签自贸协定"},"what":{"en":"Between 2026-01-24 and 2026-01-26, President Trump threatened a 100% tariff on Canadian goods if Canada makes a deal with China, and Prime Minister Carney replied that Canada has no intention of pursuing a free trade agreement with China and that the arrangement is consistent with CUSMA. No official Canadian or Chinese publication of these remarks was found; they were made at a press conference and in a social media post, so the source listed is a news report.","zh":"2026年1月24日至26日，特朗普总统威胁称，如果加拿大与中国达成协议，将对加拿大商品加征100%关税；卡尼总理回应称，加拿大无意与中国商签自贸协定，有关安排符合《美墨加协定》。上述言论出自记者会和社交媒体帖文，未见加拿大或中国官方网站发布，故此处所列来源为新闻报道。"},"relevance":{"en":"Any Canadian exporter to the United States: sectoral tariff fixes with China are possible, but a free trade agreement is not, because of the CUSMA non-market economy clause.","zh":"涉及所有对美出口的加拿大企业：中加之间可以就个别行业的关税作出安排，但受《美墨加协定》非市场经济国家条款所限，不可能商签自贸协定。"},"sectors":["all-sectors","canada-us-trade"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada, China trade deal, tariffs and Trump (news report, 2026-01-26)","publisher":"CNBC","url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/26/canada-china-trade-deal-tariffs-trump.html","lang":"en","official":false}]},{"date":"2026-01-16","category":"political","title":{"en":"Carney's official visit to Beijing: a new strategic partnership","zh":"卡尼总理正式访华：中加宣布建立新型战略伙伴关系"},"what":{"en":"From 2026-01-14 to 2026-01-17 Prime Minister Carney made the first visit to China by a Canadian prime minister since 2017 and met Xi Jinping, Li Qiang and Zhao Leji. A joint statement announced a Canada-China new Strategic Partnership with five pillars: energy, economic and trade cooperation, public safety and security, multilateralism, and culture and people-to-people ties. Canada reaffirmed its One China policy and set a goal of raising exports to China by 50% by 2030; none of the three official texts contains a defence or military cooperation item.","zh":"2026年1月14日至17日，卡尼总理访华，这是2017年以来加拿大总理首次访华，其间会见了习近平、李强和赵乐际。双方发表联合声明，宣布建立中加新型战略伙伴关系，涵盖五大支柱：能源、经贸合作、公共安全、多边主义以及文化和人文交流。加方重申一个中国政策，并提出到2030年对华出口增长50%的目标；联合声明、新闻稿和会见通稿均未包含任何防务或军事合作内容。"},"relevance":{"en":"Energy, agri-food, autos, finance, forestry, tourism and culture, in both directions.","zh":"涉及双向的能源、农产品和食品、汽车、金融、林业、旅游和文化产业。"},"sectors":["energy","agri-food","autos","finance","forestry","tourism","culture"],"sources":[{"title":"Joint Statement of the Canada-China Leaders' Meeting","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/joint-statement-canada-china-leaders-meeting","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Prime Minister Carney forges new strategic partnership with the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2026/01/16/prime-minister-carney-forges-new-strategic-partnership-peoples","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Prime Minister Carney meets with President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/readouts/2026/01/16/prime-minister-carney-meets-president-peoples-republic-china-xi-jinping","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Joint Statement of the China-Canada Leaders' Meeting","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xw/zyxw/202601/t20260116_11814199.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Xi Jinping meets with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney","publisher":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xw/zyxw/202601/t20260116_11814149.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-01-16","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Preliminary Joint Arrangement on trade issues: EV quota, canola, seafood, steel remissions","zh":"中加达成处理双边经贸问题的初步联合安排：电动汽车配额、油菜籽、水产品和钢铝附加税减免"},"what":{"en":"Canada agreed to an initial country-specific quota of 49,000 Chinese electric vehicles a year at the 6.1% MFN rate, to extend to the end of 2026 and expand its steel and aluminum surtax remissions, to impose no new tariffs on Chinese solar products and semiconductors, and to review the arrangement after three years. China was expected by 2026-03-01 to cut the combined tariff on canola seed to about 15%, to exempt canola meal, lobsters, crabs and peas from the anti-discrimination tariffs until the end of 2026, and to speed up the resumption of access for beef, pet food and animal genetics.","zh":"加方同意：对中国电动汽车设立每年4.9万辆的国别配额，配额内适用6.1%的最惠国税率；将钢铝附加税减免延长至2026年底并扩大范围；不对中国太阳能产品和半导体加征新关税；三年后对该安排进行审议。中方预计在2026年3月1日前将加拿大油菜籽的综合税率降至约15%，在2026年底前对菜籽粕、龙虾、蟹和豌豆不适用反歧视关税，并加快恢复牛肉、宠物食品和动物遗传物质的准入。"},"relevance":{"en":"Electric vehicles and the auto supply chain imported into Canada; canola, peas, lobster, crab, beef and pet food exported to China; steel and aluminum users in Canada.","zh":"涉及加拿大进口的电动汽车及汽车供应链，对华出口的油菜籽、豌豆、龙虾、蟹、牛肉和宠物食品，以及加拿大的钢铝用户。"},"sectors":["electric-vehicles","autos","canola","pulses","seafood","beef","pet-food","steel","aluminum"],"sources":[{"title":"Backgrounder: Preliminary Joint Arrangement on Addressing Bilateral Economic and Trade Issues between Canada and the People's Republic of China","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"MOFCOM official's remarks on the outcomes of the China-Canada economic and trade consultations","publisher":"Ministry of Commerce of China","url":"https://english.mofcom.gov.cn/News/SpokesmansRemarks/art/2026/art_edeb404287d4449da08cea65b267519d.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-01-16","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Canada-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Roadmap","zh":"《中加经贸合作路线图》"},"what":{"en":"The Roadmap, agreed by Global Affairs Canada and MOFCOM, upgrades the JETC to a mechanism led by the trade ministers that meets at least annually, commits to an in-person Economic Partnership Working Group in Canada in summer or fall 2026, resumes the Intellectual Property Working Group and opens talks on resuming the Trade Remedies Working Group. Both sides say they will endeavour to avoid the imposition of unilateral measures in the future, commit to more direct flights and to a possible e-commerce memorandum, and welcome Canada as Guest Country of Honour at the 6th China International Consumer Products Expo. Canada notes that the CPTPP remains open to accession by economies that can satisfy the three Auckland Principles.","zh":"加拿大全球事务部与中国商务部商定的路线图将中加经贸联委会升格为部长级机制，至少每年举行一次会议；承诺2026年夏季或秋季在加拿大举行经济伙伴关系工作组线下会议；恢复知识产权工作组，并就恢复贸易救济工作组展开商谈。双方表示将努力避免今后采取单边措施，承诺增加直航航班，探讨签署电子商务谅解备忘录，并欢迎加拿大担任第六届中国国际消费品博览会主宾国。加方指出，CPTPP 对能够满足三项“奥克兰原则”的经济体保持开放。"},"relevance":{"en":"All goods and services trade, investment, intellectual property, air links and e-commerce, in both directions.","zh":"涉及双向的全部货物和服务贸易、投资、知识产权、航空通航和电子商务。"},"sectors":["all-sectors","intellectual-property","e-commerce","aviation"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Roadmap","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/01/16/canada-china-economic-and-trade-cooperation-roadmap","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2026-01-16","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Energy memorandum of understanding and a Ministerial Dialogue on Energy","zh":"中加签署能源合作谅解备忘录并设立部长级能源对话"},"what":{"en":"Minister Hodgson met National Energy Administration head Wang Hongzhi. The memorandum between Natural Resources Canada and the National Energy Administration covers energy policy dialogue, energy transition, conventional energy (oil and gas, LNG), and civil nuclear energy and uranium, and creates a Ministerial Dialogue on Energy.","zh":"加拿大自然资源部长霍奇森会见中国国家能源局局长王宏志。加拿大自然资源部与中国国家能源局签署的谅解备忘录涵盖能源政策对话、能源转型、传统能源（油气、液化天然气）以及民用核能和铀，并设立部长级能源对话。"},"relevance":{"en":"Crude oil, LNG, LPG and uranium exported to China; battery, solar, wind and storage technology and investment from China into Canada.","zh":"涉及对华出口的原油、液化天然气、液化石油气和铀，以及中国对加的电池、光伏、风电和储能技术与投资。"},"sectors":["energy","oil-gas","lng","uranium","clean-technology"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Tim Hodgson meets with Administrator of the National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China Wang Hongzhi","publisher":"Natural Resources Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/natural-resources-canada/news/2026/01/minister-tim-hodgson-meets-with-administrator-of-the-national-energy-administration-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-wang-hongzhi.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Memorandum of Understanding between Natural Resources Canada and the National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China on strengthening energy cooperation","publisher":"Natural Resources Canada","url":"https://natural-resources.canada.ca/energy-sources/memorandum-understanding-between-department-natural-resources-canada-national-energy-administration-people-s-republic-china-strengthening-energy-cooperation","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-11-03","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Agriculture Minister MacDonald concludes a mission to China; China restores group tours to Canada","zh":"加拿大农业部长麦克唐纳结束访华；中国恢复赴加团队游"},"what":{"en":"During a mission from 2025-10-27 to 2025-11-03, Minister MacDonald met China's customs minister Sun Meijun, agreed to renew the food safety memorandum of understanding between the CFIA and the GACC, and set up monthly technical working groups. On 2025-11-03 Canada welcomed China's reinstatement of Approved Destination Status for group travel to Canada.","zh":"2025年10月27日至11月3日访华期间，麦克唐纳部长会见海关总署署长孙梅君，双方同意续签加拿大食品检验局与海关总署的食品安全谅解备忘录，并设立每月一次的技术工作组。11月3日，加方对中国恢复加拿大的中国公民组团出境旅游目的地地位（ADS）表示欢迎。"},"relevance":{"en":"Agri-food and seafood exports to China, and inbound tourism to Canada.","zh":"涉及对华出口的农产品、食品和水产品，以及加拿大入境旅游业。"},"sectors":["agri-food","seafood","tourism"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister MacDonald concludes first mission to China","publisher":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/agriculture-agri-food/news/2025/11/minister-macdonald-concludes-first-mission-to-china.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Canada welcomes China's decision to re-instate Chinese tour group travel into the country","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2025/11/canada-welcomes-chinas-decision-to-re-instate-chinese-tour-group-travel-into-the-country.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-10-31","category":"political","title":{"en":"Carney and Xi Jinping meet at APEC in Gyeongju","zh":"卡尼总理与习近平主席在庆州亚太经合组织会议期间会晤"},"what":{"en":"This was the first leader-level meeting since 2017. The Canadian readout says the leaders agreed that the meeting marked a turning point and directed officials to move quickly to resolve outstanding trade issues and irritants, naming canola, seafood and electric vehicles. Carney accepted an invitation to visit China.","zh":"这是2017年以来两国领导人首次会晤。加方通稿称，双方一致认为此次会晤标志着两国关系的转折点，并指示官员尽快解决悬而未决的贸易问题，包括油菜籽、水产品和电动汽车。卡尼接受了访华邀请。"},"relevance":{"en":"Agri-food, seafood and energy exports to China, and electric vehicles imported into Canada.","zh":"涉及对华出口的农产品、食品、水产品和能源，以及加拿大进口的电动汽车。"},"sectors":["agri-food","seafood","electric-vehicles","energy"],"sources":[{"title":"Prime Minister Carney meets with President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/readouts/2025/10/31/prime-minister-carney-meets-president-peoples-republic-china-xi-jinping","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-10-17","category":"political","title":{"en":"Foreign Minister Anand meets Wang Yi in Beijing","zh":"加拿大外长阿南德在北京会见王毅"},"what":{"en":"The ministers discussed canola, seafood, meat and electric vehicles, and new and established mechanisms such as consular consultations and the law enforcement cooperation dialogue.","zh":"两国外长讨论了油菜籽、水产品、肉类和电动汽车问题，以及领事磋商、执法合作对话等新设和既有机制。"},"relevance":{"en":"Agri-food exports and autos: the first foreign minister visit of the thaw.","zh":"涉及农产品和食品出口及汽车贸易：这是两国关系回暖以来加拿大外长首次访华。"},"sectors":["agri-food","seafood","autos"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister Anand meets with China's Director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs and Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2025/10/minister-anand-meets-with-chinas-director-of-the-office-of-the-central-commission-for-foreign-affairs-and-minister-of-foreign-affairs-wang-yi.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-09-23","category":"political","title":{"en":"Carney meets Premier Li Qiang at the UN General Assembly","zh":"卡尼总理在联合国大会期间会见李强总理"},"what":{"en":"The two leaders discussed canola, seafood and electric vehicles and, according to the Canadian readout, affirmed their interest in holding a subsequent leaders' meeting.","zh":"双方讨论了油菜籽、水产品和电动汽车问题。加方通稿称，双方确认有意举行后续领导人会晤。"},"relevance":{"en":"Agri-food and seafood exports to China, and autos imported into Canada.","zh":"涉及对华出口的农产品、食品和水产品，以及加拿大进口的汽车。"},"sectors":["agri-food","seafood","autos"],"sources":[{"title":"Prime Minister Carney meets with Premier of China Li Qiang","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/readouts/2025/09/23/prime-minister-carney-meets-premier-china-li-qiang","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-08-15","category":"legal","title":{"en":"China files a second WTO complaint on Canada's steel quotas and the melted and poured surtax (DS641)","zh":"中国就加拿大钢铁关税配额及“熔炼浇铸”附加税再次诉诸世贸组织（DS641）"},"what":{"en":"China requested consultations on Canada's 50% over-quota steel surtax for partners without a free trade agreement and on the 25% surtax on goods containing steel melted in China or aluminum smelted in China.","zh":"中国就加拿大对非自贸协定伙伴超配额钢铁产品征收50%附加税，以及对含中国熔炼钢材或中国冶炼铝材的产品征收25%附加税的措施提出磋商请求。"},"relevance":{"en":"Steel and aluminum importers and fabricators in Canada.","zh":"涉及加拿大的钢铝进口商和加工企业。"},"sectors":["steel","aluminum"],"sources":[{"title":"DS641 case page","publisher":"World Trade Organization","url":"https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds641_e.htm","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-08-12","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China's preliminary ruling on Canadian canola seed: 75.8% deposit","zh":"中国对加拿大油菜籽反倾销作出初裁：保证金比率75.8%"},"what":{"en":"MOFCOM Announcement 2025 No. 40 made a preliminary finding of dumping and imposed provisional anti-dumping deposits of 75.8% on all Canadian canola seed from 2025-08-14. On the same day MOFCOM opened an anti-dumping investigation into Canadian pea starch (Announcement 2025 No. 41).","zh":"商务部2025年第40号公告初步认定原产于加拿大的进口油菜籽存在倾销，自2025年8月14日起对所有加拿大公司按75.8%的比率征收保证金。同日，商务部发布2025年第41号公告，对原产于加拿大的进口豌豆淀粉发起反倾销调查。"},"relevance":{"en":"Canola seed exported to China: the deposit effectively closed the Chinese market to Canadian seed until March 2026.","zh":"涉及加拿大对华出口的油菜籽：在2026年3月之前，该保证金实际上使加拿大油菜籽无法进入中国市场。"},"sectors":["agri-food","canola","pulses"],"sources":[{"title":"商务部公告2025年第40号","publisher":"商务部","url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_bf2ca1ee8cdd457b99ea06baa13cae87.html","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-08","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Joint Economic and Trade Commission (JETC) meets in Ottawa","zh":"中加经贸联委会在渥太华举行会议"},"what":{"en":"The JETC, the senior officials' trade mechanism, met in Ottawa in August 2025, the first substantive revival of the mechanism. Global Affairs Canada's country page records that the last JETC was hosted in August 2025 in Ottawa.","zh":"中加经贸联委会（高官级经贸磋商机制）于2025年8月在渥太华举行会议，这是该机制首次实质性恢复。加拿大全球事务部的国别页面载明，最近一次联委会于2025年8月在渥太华举行。"},"relevance":{"en":"All goods trade in both directions: the JETC is the channel for raising market access irritants.","zh":"涉及双向全部货物贸易：联委会是提出和处理市场准入问题的渠道。"},"sectors":["all-sectors"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada-China relations","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/china-chine/relations.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Prime Minister Carney meets with Premier of China Li Qiang","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/readouts/2025/09/23/prime-minister-carney-meets-premier-china-li-qiang","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-07-16","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Canada adds a 25% tariff on steel melted and poured in China","zh":"加拿大对含中国熔炼浇铸钢材的产品加征25%关税"},"what":{"en":"Prime Minister Carney announced steel sector measures, including additional tariffs of 25% on steel imports from all countries other than the United States that contain steel melted and poured in China, and tighter tariff rate quotas for countries without a free trade agreement with Canada.","zh":"卡尼总理宣布钢铁行业保护措施，包括对来自美国以外所有国家、含有在中国熔炼浇铸钢材的进口钢铁产品加征25%关税，并收紧对非自贸协定伙伴国的关税配额。"},"relevance":{"en":"Steel and steel-containing goods imported into Canada, including goods shipped through third countries.","zh":"涉及加拿大进口的钢铁及含钢产品，包括经第三国转口的货物。"},"sectors":["steel","manufacturing"],"sources":[{"title":"Prime Minister Carney announces new measures to protect and strengthen Canada's steel industry","publisher":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2025/07/16/prime-minister-carney-announces-new-measures-protect-and-strength","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-06-27","category":"investment","title":{"en":"Canada orders Hikvision Canada to cease operations","zh":"加拿大责令海康威视加拿大公司停止运营"},"what":{"en":"Following a national security review under the Investment Canada Act, the Governor in Council ordered the wind-up of Hikvision Canada, Inc. and ordered it to cease all operations in Canada.","zh":"依据《加拿大投资法》完成国家安全审查后，加拿大总督会同枢密院下令海康威视加拿大公司（Hikvision Canada, Inc.）清盘，并停止在加拿大的一切业务。"},"relevance":{"en":"Security and surveillance equipment suppliers from China operating in Canada: national security screening continued during the thaw.","zh":"涉及在加经营的中国安防和监控设备供应商：两国关系回暖期间，国家安全审查并未放松。"},"sectors":["security-equipment","technology","investment"],"sources":[{"title":"National security decisions","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-03-20","category":"legal","title":{"en":"Canada files a WTO complaint against China's retaliatory tariffs (DS636)","zh":"加拿大就中国加征关税措施诉诸世贸组织（DS636）"},"what":{"en":"Canada requested WTO consultations. A panel was established on 2025-06-23, and on 2025-08-20 the two countries agreed interim appeal arbitration procedures. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada states that Canada and China have agreed to suspend the panel composition process for their respective WTO disputes while bilateral discussions take place.","zh":"加拿大提出世贸组织磋商请求。专家组于2025年6月23日设立，两国于2025年8月20日商定临时上诉仲裁程序。加拿大农业及农业食品部表示，在双边磋商期间，中加已同意暂停各自世贸争端案件的专家组组成程序。"},"relevance":{"en":"Agri-food and seafood: litigation is paused in favour of negotiation, so relief depends on bilateral deals and not on a WTO ruling.","zh":"涉及农产品、食品和水产品：诉讼让位于谈判，关税能否减免取决于双边安排，而不是世贸组织裁决。"},"sectors":["agri-food","seafood"],"sources":[{"title":"DS636: China, Additional Import Duties on Certain Agricultural and Fishery Products from Canada","publisher":"World Trade Organization","url":"https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds636_e.htm","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Question Period note AAFC-2026-QP-00016","publisher":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","url":"https://search.open.canada.ca/qpnotes/record/aafc-aac,AAFC-2026-QP-00016","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-03-08","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China imposes retaliatory tariffs on Canadian agri-food and seafood","zh":"中国对原产于加拿大的部分农产品和水产品加征关税"},"what":{"en":"China's Customs Tariff Commission (Announcement 2025 No. 3) imposed additional tariffs from 2025-03-20: 100% on Canadian canola (rapeseed) oil, oil cakes (canola meal) and peas, and 25% on aquatic products and pork. The notice cites Canada's surtaxes on electric vehicles, steel and aluminum as the cause.","zh":"国务院关税税则委员会发布2025年第3号公告，自2025年3月20日起对原产于加拿大的菜子油、油渣饼、豌豆加征100%关税，对水产品、猪肉加征25%关税。公告明确指出，起因是加拿大对中国电动汽车和钢铝产品加征附加税。"},"relevance":{"en":"Canola oil and meal, peas, pork, fish and seafood exported from Canada to China.","zh":"涉及加拿大对华出口的菜籽油、菜籽粕、豌豆、猪肉和水产品。"},"sectors":["agri-food","canola","pulses","pork","seafood"],"sources":[{"title":"国务院关税税则委员会公告2025年第3号","publisher":"财政部关税司","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202503/t20250307_3959523.htm","lang":"zh","official":true},{"title":"Question Period note AAFC-2026-QP-00016","publisher":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","url":"https://search.open.canada.ca/qpnotes/record/aafc-aac,AAFC-2026-QP-00016","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2025-01-28","category":"political","title":{"en":"Final report of the Foreign Interference Commission (Hogue inquiry)","zh":"外国干预调查委员会（霍格调查）发布最终报告"},"what":{"en":"Commissioner Marie-Josee Hogue released the final report of the Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions, which examined interference by China among other states.","zh":"调查专员霍格（Marie-Josee Hogue）发布“外国干预联邦选举程序和民主机构公开调查”的最终报告，调查对象包括中国在内的多个国家。"},"relevance":{"en":"Indirect for business: foreign interference remains a standing item on the bilateral agenda and shapes the domestic politics of any engagement with China.","zh":"对企业的影响是间接的：外国干预问题仍是双边议程上的常设议题，并影响加拿大国内对华交往的政治氛围。"},"sectors":["political-risk"],"sources":[{"title":"Reports","publisher":"Foreign Interference Commission","url":"https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/reports","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2024-11-06","category":"investment","title":{"en":"Canada orders the wind-up of TikTok Technology Canada","zh":"加拿大责令 TikTok 加拿大公司清盘"},"what":{"en":"After a national security review under the Investment Canada Act, the government ordered TikTok's Canadian business to be wound up. The app itself was not banned. The order was later replaced by a conditional approval (see 2026-03-09).","zh":"加拿大政府依据《加拿大投资法》完成国家安全审查后，责令 TikTok 在加拿大的业务实体清盘，但并未禁止该应用本身。该命令后来被附条件批准所取代（见2026年3月9日条目）。"},"relevance":{"en":"Technology and digital advertising: Chinese-owned technology operations in Canada.","zh":"涉及科技和数字广告行业：中资科技企业在加拿大的经营。"},"sectors":["technology","digital-advertising","investment"],"sources":[{"title":"National security decisions","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2024-09-26","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China opens an anti-discrimination investigation into Canada's measures","zh":"中国对加拿大相关限制措施发起反歧视调查"},"what":{"en":"MOFCOM launched its first ever anti-discrimination investigation (Announcement 2024 No. 40), directed at Canada's surtaxes on electric vehicles, steel and aluminum and its restrictions on EV subsidies.","zh":"商务部发布2024年第40号公告，就加拿大对中国电动汽车、钢铝产品加征附加税及限制电动汽车补贴等措施发起反歧视调查，这是中国首次发起此类调查。"},"relevance":{"en":"Canadian agri-food and seafood exporters: this investigation became the legal basis for the retaliatory tariffs of March 2025.","zh":"涉及加拿大农产品、食品和水产品出口商：该调查成为2025年3月加征关税反制措施的法律依据。"},"sectors":["agri-food","seafood"],"sources":[{"title":"商务部公告2024年第40号","publisher":"商务部贸易救济调查局","url":"https://trb.mofcom.gov.cn/mybldc/art/2024/art_58c0fcdb09b2475fa9b4e79863fd3c17.html","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"date":"2024-09-09","category":"trade","title":{"en":"China opens an anti-dumping investigation into Canadian canola seed","zh":"中国对原产于加拿大的进口油菜籽发起反倾销调查"},"what":{"en":"MOFCOM self-initiated an anti-dumping investigation into canola seed (rapeseed) originating in Canada (Announcement 2024 No. 37).","zh":"商务部发布2024年第37号公告，自主对原产于加拿大的进口油菜籽发起反倾销立案调查。"},"relevance":{"en":"Canola seed exported from Canada to China, roughly a $4 billion a year market before the dispute.","zh":"涉及加拿大对华出口的油菜籽，争端发生前该市场规模约为每年40亿加元。"},"sectors":["agri-food","canola"],"sources":[{"title":"商务部公告2024年第37号","publisher":"商务部贸易救济调查局","url":"https://trb.mofcom.gov.cn/myjjdc/art/2024/art_8394fca31aa54bfb96d1acb248c77df7.html","lang":"zh","official":true}]},{"date":"2024-09-06","category":"legal","title":{"en":"China files a WTO complaint against Canada's surtaxes (DS627)","zh":"中国就加拿大附加税措施诉诸世贸组织（DS627）"},"what":{"en":"China requested WTO consultations on Canada's surtaxes on electric vehicles and on steel and aluminum products. A panel was established on 2025-06-23.","zh":"中国就加拿大对电动汽车和钢铝产品加征附加税的措施提出世贸组织磋商请求。专家组于2025年6月23日设立。"},"relevance":{"en":"Autos, steel and aluminum: this is the legal track, which is now effectively parked while the two governments negotiate.","zh":"涉及汽车、钢铁和铝：这是法律途径，目前因两国政府转向双边谈判而实际搁置。"},"sectors":["autos","steel","aluminum"],"sources":[{"title":"DS627: Canada, Measures on Certain Products of Chinese Origin","publisher":"World Trade Organization","url":"https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds627_e.htm","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2024-08-26","category":"trade","title":{"en":"Canada announces a 100% surtax on Chinese EVs and 25% on Chinese steel and aluminum","zh":"加拿大宣布对中国电动汽车加征100%附加税，对中国钢铝产品加征25%附加税"},"what":{"en":"Finance Canada announced a 100% surtax on Chinese-made electric vehicles effective 2024-10-01, on top of the 6.1% MFN tariff, and a 25% surtax on Chinese steel and aluminum products, which was announced for 2024-10-15 and came into force on 2024-10-22. EV incentive programs were restricted to vehicles from free trade agreement partners.","zh":"加拿大财政部宣布，自2024年10月1日起对中国制造的电动汽车在6.1%最惠国税率之外加征100%附加税；对中国钢铝产品加征25%附加税，原定2024年10月15日实施，实际于10月22日生效。电动汽车补贴项目的适用范围限定为来自自贸协定伙伴的车辆。"},"relevance":{"en":"Autos, steel and aluminum imported from China into Canada; this measure triggered China's retaliation against Canadian agri-food.","zh":"涉及中国对加出口的汽车、钢铁和铝产品；中方对加拿大农产品和食品的反制措施即由此引发。"},"sectors":["autos","electric-vehicles","steel","aluminum"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada implementing measures to protect Canadian workers and key economic sectors from unfair Chinese trade practices","publisher":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2024/08/canada-implementing-measures-to-protect-canadian-workers-and-key-economic-sectors-from-unfair-chinese-trade-practices.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"China Surtax Order (2024), SOR/2024-187","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2024/2024-10-09/html/sor-dors187-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Order Amending the China Surtax Remission Order (2024), No. 2, SOR/2026-14 (regulatory impact statement confirms the 2024-10-22 date)","publisher":"Canada Gazette, Part II","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-02-11/html/sor-dors14-eng.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2023-11-03","category":"security","title":{"en":"Canada reports unsafe intercepts of a Canadian military helicopter over the South China Sea","zh":"加方通报南海上空加军直升机遭不安全拦截"},"what":{"en":"The Canadian Armed Forces stated that on 2023-10-29 People's Liberation Army J-11 fighters conducted two unsafe intercepts of HMCS Ottawa's CH-148 Cyclone helicopter in international airspace, including launching flares directly in front of it.","zh":"加拿大武装部队发表声明称，2023年10月29日，中国人民解放军歼-11战机在国际空域两次以不安全方式拦截“渥太华”号护卫舰搭载的CH-148“旋风”直升机，其中一次在直升机正前方投放了照明弹。"},"relevance":{"en":"Indirect for business: evidence that the military relationship has been adversarial, which matters for political risk assessment.","zh":"对企业的影响是间接的：表明两军关系处于对立状态，是评估政治风险时需要考虑的因素。"},"sectors":["political-risk"],"sources":[{"title":"Statement from the Canadian Armed Forces regarding unsafe intercept of Royal Canadian Air Force helicopter","publisher":"Department of National Defence","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2023/11/statement-from-the-canadian-armed-forces-regarding-unsafe-intercept-of-royal-canadian-air-force-helicopter.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2022-11-02","category":"investment","title":{"en":"Canada orders three Chinese investors to divest from Canadian lithium companies","zh":"加拿大责令三家中国投资者撤出对加拿大锂矿公司的投资"},"what":{"en":"Under the Investment Canada Act, the government ordered Sinomine to divest from Power Metals Corp., Chengze Lithium to divest from Lithium Chile Inc. and Zangge Mining to divest from Ultra Lithium Inc.","zh":"加拿大政府依据《加拿大投资法》，责令中矿资源（Sinomine）撤出对 Power Metals Corp. 的投资，盛泽锂业（Chengze Lithium）撤出对 Lithium Chile Inc. 的投资，藏格矿业（Zangge Mining）撤出对 Ultra Lithium Inc. 的投资。"},"relevance":{"en":"Critical minerals and mining, Chinese investment into Canada: state-linked investment in critical minerals faces a very high bar.","zh":"涉及关键矿产和采矿业的中国对加投资：有国资背景的投资者进入关键矿产领域门槛极高。"},"sectors":["critical-minerals","mining","investment"],"sources":[{"title":"National security decisions","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2022-11","category":"political","title":{"en":"Canada publishes its Indo-Pacific Strategy","zh":"加拿大发布《印太战略》"},"what":{"en":"Canada published its Indo-Pacific Strategy, which describes China as 'an increasingly disruptive global power' while committing to cooperate where necessary and to diversify trade across the region.","zh":"加拿大发布《印太战略》，称中国是“日益具有破坏性的全球性大国”，同时表示将在必要领域开展合作，并推动在印太地区的贸易多元化。"},"relevance":{"en":"All sectors: this remains the published framework that treats China as both a major market and a risk, and it funds the naval deployments that include Taiwan Strait transits.","zh":"涉及所有行业：该战略至今仍是加拿大对华政策的公开框架，既视中国为重要市场，也视其为风险来源，并为包括穿越台湾海峡在内的海军部署提供经费。"},"sectors":["all-sectors"],"sources":[{"title":"Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/transparency-transparence/indo-pacific-indo-pacifique/index.aspx?lang=eng","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2022-05-19","category":"security","title":{"en":"Canada bans Huawei and ZTE from its telecommunications networks","zh":"加拿大禁止华为和中兴参与本国电信网络"},"what":{"en":"The Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry announced the intention to prohibit Huawei and ZTE products and services in Canada's telecommunications systems, including 5G and 4G networks, and to require the removal of existing equipment.","zh":"加拿大创新、科学和工业部长宣布，拟禁止在加拿大电信系统（包括5G和4G网络）中使用华为和中兴的产品与服务，并要求拆除已安装的设备。"},"relevance":{"en":"Telecom equipment imported from China into Canada: critical infrastructure is closed to Chinese vendors.","zh":"涉及中国对加出口的电信设备：加拿大关键基础设施不向中国供应商开放。"},"sectors":["telecom","technology"],"sources":[{"title":"Statement from Minister Champagne on telecommunications security","publisher":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2022/05/statement-from-minister-champagne-on-telecommunications-security.html","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2021-09-24","category":"political","title":{"en":"Meng extradition case ends; Kovrig and Spavor return to Canada","zh":"孟晚舟引渡案终结，康明凯和斯帕弗返回加拿大"},"what":{"en":"On 2021-09-24 the United States withdrew its extradition request, Canada's Department of Justice ended the proceedings and Meng Wanzhou left Canada. Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor were released and returned to Canada on 2021-09-25 after 1,020 days of detention.","zh":"2021年9月24日，美国撤回引渡请求，加拿大司法部终止引渡程序，孟晚舟离开加拿大。康明凯和斯帕弗在被拘押1020天后获释，于9月25日返回加拿大。"},"relevance":{"en":"All sectors: the largest single political obstacle was removed, but trade mechanisms were not restored by this event alone.","zh":"涉及所有行业：两国关系中最大的政治障碍得以消除，但经贸机制并未因此自动恢复。"},"sectors":["all-sectors"],"sources":[{"title":"Statement from the Department of Justice Canada","publisher":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-justice/news/2021/09/statement-from-the-department-of-justice-canada.html","lang":"en","official":true},{"title":"Minister of Foreign Affairs briefing material, Committee of the Whole, 2021-12-07","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://international.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/corporate/transparency/briefing-documents/parliamentary-committee/2021-12-07-cw-pl-lp-cp","lang":"en","official":true}]},{"date":"2018-12-01","category":"political","title":{"en":"Meng Wanzhou arrested in Vancouver; Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor detained in China","zh":"孟晚舟在温哥华被捕，康明凯和斯帕弗在华被拘押"},"what":{"en":"Huawei executive Meng Wanzhou was arrested in Vancouver on 2018-12-01 on a United States extradition request. On 2018-12-10 Chinese authorities detained Canadians Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, which Global Affairs Canada describes as arbitrary detention. The bilateral relationship entered a freeze that lasted several years.","zh":"2018年12月1日，华为高管孟晚舟应美国引渡请求在温哥华被捕。12月10日，中方拘押加拿大公民康明凯（Michael Kovrig）和斯帕弗（Michael Spavor），加拿大全球事务部称之为任意拘押。此后中加关系陷入长达数年的冻结期。"},"relevance":{"en":"All sectors in both directions: ministerial trade mechanisms, defence dialogue and many market access files stalled, and the perceived personal risk of business travel to China rose.","zh":"涉及双向所有行业：部长级经贸机制、防务对话和多项市场准入磋商陷入停滞，赴华商务出行的人身风险预期上升。"},"sectors":["all-sectors","business-travel"],"sources":[{"title":"Minister of Foreign Affairs briefing material, Committee of the Whole, 2021-12-07","publisher":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://international.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/corporate/transparency/briefing-documents/parliamentary-committee/2021-12-07-cw-pl-lp-cp","lang":"en","official":true}]}]},"dates":{"reviewed":"2026-09-17","dates":[{"date":"2026-11","kind":"event","title":{"en":"China International Import Expo, Shanghai, with Canada as a country of honour","zh":"第九届中国国际进口博览会（上海），加拿大担任主宾国"},"note":{"en":"Canada accepted China's invitation during the foreign ministers' meeting of 2026-05-29.","zh":"加拿大在2026年5月29日外长会晤期间接受了中方邀请。"},"url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2026/05/minister-anand-meets-with-director-of-the-office-of-the-central-commission-for-foreign-affairs-and-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-peoples-repub.html"},{"date":"2026-11-10","kind":"expiry","title":{"en":"End of the suspension of China's October 2025 rare earth export control package","zh":"中国2025年10月稀土出口管制措施暂停实施期届满"},"note":{"en":"Announcement 2025 No. 70 suspended several October 2025 announcements, including the rule on foreign-made items containing Chinese rare earths, until this date. What applies afterwards has to be checked on the Ministry of Commerce site.","zh":"商务部、海关总署公告2025年第70号将2025年10月发布的多项公告（包括含中国稀土成分的境外制造物项规则）暂停实施至该日。此后适用的规定须以商务部网站为准。"},"url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_b1ec77dd3f0d4762952904df7cdaadec.html"},{"date":"2026-12-31","kind":"expiry","title":{"en":"China's suspension of additional tariffs on Canadian canola meal, peas, lobster and crab ends","zh":"中国对加拿大油渣饼、豌豆、龙虾和蟹暂不加征关税的安排到期"},"note":{"en":"The suspension runs from 2026-03-01 to 2026-12-31. Without an extension the 100% and 25% additional tariffs return. Canola oil, pork and other seafood were never covered.","zh":"该安排自2026年3月1日起至2026年12月31日止。如不延期，将恢复加征100%和25%的关税。菜籽油、猪肉和其他水产品不在此列。"},"url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_52b7b305759f414cb86aad99c264426a.html"},{"date":"2026-12-31","kind":"expiry","title":{"en":"China's 30-day visa-free entry for Canadian passport holders ends","zh":"中国对加拿大护照持有人30天免签入境政策到期"},"note":{"en":"In effect since 2026-02-17 for business, tourism, family visits, exchanges and transit. No extension had been announced when this page was reviewed.","zh":"自2026年2月17日起实施，适用于商务、旅游、探亲访友、交流访问和过境。本页复核时尚未宣布延期。"},"url":"https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/fyrbt/202602/t20260215_11860467.html"},{"date":"2026-12-31","kind":"expiry","title":{"en":"Canada's extended remission of surtaxes on certain Chinese steel and aluminum goods ends","zh":"加拿大对部分中国钢铝产品附加税的延长减免期届满"},"note":{"en":"The remission order was expanded and extended by SOR/2026-14.","zh":"该减免令已由 SOR/2026-14 扩大范围并延期。"},"url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2026/2026-02-11/html/sor-dors14-eng.html"},{"date":"2027-02-12","kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"Extended deadline of China's anti-dumping investigation into Canadian pea starch","zh":"中国对加拿大豌豆淀粉反倾销调查延长后的期限"},"note":{"en":"A provisional deposit of 73.5% has applied since 2026-07-01. The final determination is due by this date.","zh":"自2026年7月1日起已按73.5%征收保证金。最终裁定应在该日前作出。"},"url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_28b7ad03ec7440bbb4669a59be2250b5.html"},{"date":"2027-02-28","kind":"deadline","title":{"en":"End of the second period of Canada's quota for Chinese electric vehicles (quota year 1)","zh":"加拿大对中国电动汽车进口配额第一年度第二期结束"},"note":{"en":"The second period opened on 2026-09-01 with 24,500 vehicles plus unused volume from the first period.","zh":"第二期自2026年9月1日开始，配额为24,500辆，另加第一期未用完的数量。"},"url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/notices-avis/1168.aspx?lang=eng"},{"date":"2029-01","kind":"review","title":{"en":"Three-year review of the Canada-China preliminary joint arrangement on trade","zh":"中加经贸问题初步联合安排的三年期评估"},"note":{"en":"The arrangement of 2026-01-16 covers the electric vehicle quota, canola, seafood and steel and aluminum remissions.","zh":"2026年1月16日达成的安排涵盖电动汽车配额、油菜籽、水产品以及钢铝附加税减免。"},"url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng"},{"date":"2031-02-28","kind":"expiry","title":{"en":"End of China's five-year 5.9% anti-dumping duty on Canadian canola seed","zh":"中国对加拿大油菜籽征收5.9%反倾销税的五年期届满"},"note":{"en":"The duty took effect on 2026-03-01. It can be extended after a sunset review.","zh":"该反倾销税自2026年3月1日起实施，期满前可经期终复审决定是否延长。"},"url":"https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_545de9da8f9744459d17cc6fd3ab0132.html"}]},"tools":{"reviewed":"2026-09-17","tools":[{"name":{"en":"Trade Commissioner Service: doing business in China","zh":"贸易专员服务处：在华经商"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada, Trade Commissioner Service","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/market-industry-info/search-country-region/country/canada-china-export.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"support","answers":{"en":"Which Canadian trade offices are in China, and what market guides and contacts do they offer?","zh":"加拿大在华设有哪些贸易办事处？可提供哪些市场指南和联系人？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Trade Commissioner Service: funding and CanExport","zh":"贸易专员服务处：资助与 CanExport 计划"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/en/our-solutions/funding-financing-international-business.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"support","answers":{"en":"Which federal export funding programs exist, and are they accepting applications?","zh":"联邦政府有哪些出口资助计划？目前是否接受申请？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"EDC country information: China","zh":"加拿大出口发展公司：中国国别信息"},"owner":"Export Development Canada","url":"https://www.edc.ca/en/country-info/country/china.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"support","answers":{"en":"What is EDC's risk position on China and which sectors does it cover? (Page dated 2023.)","zh":"加拿大出口发展公司对中国的风险评估如何？覆盖哪些行业？（页面日期为2023年。）"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Canada Tariff Finder","zh":"加拿大关税查询工具"},"owner":"Government of Canada with BDC and EDC","url":"https://www.tariffinder.ca/en/","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"tariffs","answers":{"en":"What Canadian import tariff applies to an HS code from a given country?","zh":"某一税则号的货物从特定国家进口到加拿大，适用什么关税？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CBSA Customs Tariff","zh":"加拿大边境服务局：海关税则"},"owner":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/menu-eng.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"tariffs","answers":{"en":"What is the official Canadian tariff schedule, chapter by chapter?","zh":"加拿大官方海关税则各章的内容是什么？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CBSA step-by-step guide to importing","zh":"加拿大边境服务局：进口分步指南"},"owner":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/import/guide-eng.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"customs","answers":{"en":"What are the steps for a commercial importer bringing goods into Canada?","zh":"商业进口商将货物进口到加拿大需要经过哪些步骤？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CARM: CBSA Assessment and Revenue Management","zh":"CARM：边境服务局评估与税收管理系统"},"owner":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/border-services-agency/services/carm.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"customs","answers":{"en":"How does an importer register, post financial security and pay duties?","zh":"进口商如何注册、提交财务担保并缴纳税款？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CARM Client Portal","zh":"CARM 客户门户"},"owner":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://ccp-pcc.cbsa-asfc.cloud-nuage.canada.ca/en/homepage","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"customs","answers":{"en":"Where do I sign in to manage my importer account, rulings and payments?","zh":"在哪里登录管理进口商账户、预裁定和付款？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CBSA: SIMA measures in force","zh":"加拿大边境服务局：现行《特别进口措施法》措施"},"owner":"Canada Border Services Agency","url":"https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/mif-mev/menu-eng.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"trade-remedies","answers":{"en":"Which goods from China carry Canadian anti-dumping or countervailing duty?","zh":"哪些中国产品在加拿大被征收反倾销税或反补贴税？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Canadian International Trade Tribunal","zh":"加拿大国际贸易法庭"},"owner":"Canadian International Trade Tribunal","url":"https://www.citt-tcce.gc.ca/en","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"trade-remedies","answers":{"en":"What injury inquiries, expiry reviews and customs appeals are under way?","zh":"目前有哪些损害调查、期终复审和海关上诉案件？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Canada Gazette","zh":"《加拿大公报》"},"owner":"Government of Canada","url":"https://gazette.gc.ca/accueil-home-eng.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"What is the official text of a surtax, remission or import control order?","zh":"附加税令、减免令或进口管制令的官方文本是什么？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Justice Laws: Special Import Measures Act","zh":"司法部法律网站：《特别进口措施法》"},"owner":"Department of Justice Canada","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/S-15/","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"What does the consolidated federal statute say, and how current is it?","zh":"联邦法律的现行合并文本如何规定？更新至何时？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Finance Canada: tariffs on steel and aluminum","zh":"加拿大财政部：钢铝关税"},"owner":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/canadas-tariff-responses/canadas-tariffs-steel-aluminum.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"tariffs","answers":{"en":"Which surtaxes and tariff rate quotas apply to steel and aluminum, and how do they stack?","zh":"钢铝产品适用哪些附加税和关税配额？如何叠加计算？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Finance Canada: remission of surtaxes on goods from China","zh":"加拿大财政部：对华商品附加税减免程序"},"owner":"Department of Finance Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/programs/international-trade-finance-policy/process-requesting-remission-surtaxes-that-apply-on-certain-goods-china.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"tariffs","answers":{"en":"How does a company request remission of the surtax on Chinese goods?","zh":"企业如何申请减免对中国商品征收的附加税？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Global Affairs Canada: electric vehicle imports from China","zh":"加拿大全球事务部：自中国进口电动汽车"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/electric-vehicle-vehicule-electrique/index.aspx?lang=eng","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"permits-controls","answers":{"en":"How does the EV import quota work, which notices apply and how much quota is used?","zh":"电动汽车进口配额如何运作？适用哪些通知？配额已使用多少？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Global Affairs Canada: Export Control List guide","zh":"加拿大全球事务部：《出口管制清单》指南"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/controls-controles/ecl-lec/index.aspx?lang=eng","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"permits-controls","answers":{"en":"Is my item export controlled, and under which group?","zh":"我的物项是否受出口管制？属于哪一组？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Global Affairs Canada: notices to importers and exporters","zh":"加拿大全球事务部：进出口商通知"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/controls-controles/notices_avis/exp/list_liste/index.aspx?lang=eng","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"permits-controls","answers":{"en":"Which policy notices apply to my permit, for example Nos. 1003, 1162 and 1168?","zh":"我的许可证适用哪些政策通知（例如第1003、1162、1168号）？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List","zh":"加拿大自主制裁综合名单"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/consolidated-consolide.aspx?lang=eng","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"sanctions","answers":{"en":"Is my buyer, consignee or intermediary a listed person under Canadian sanctions?","zh":"我的买方、收货人或中间商是否在加拿大制裁名单上？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Canadian sanctions related to China","zh":"加拿大涉华制裁"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/sanctions/china-chine.aspx?lang=eng","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"sanctions","answers":{"en":"What do Canada's China-related sanctions prohibit, and how have they been amended?","zh":"加拿大涉华制裁禁止哪些行为？历次修订情况如何？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CFIA food export requirements library","zh":"加拿大食品检验局：食品出口要求库"},"owner":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/exporting-food-plants-animals/food-exports/requirements-library","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"food-agri","answers":{"en":"Which certificates, eligibility lists and labelling rules apply to my commodity for China?","zh":"我的产品出口中国需要哪些证书、准入名单和标签要求？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CFIA Automated Import Reference System (AIRS)","zh":"加拿大食品检验局：自动进口参考系统（AIRS）"},"owner":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","url":"https://inspection.canada.ca/en/importing-food-plants-animals/airs","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"food-agri","answers":{"en":"What are the import requirements for a food, plant or animal product by HS code, origin and end use?","zh":"按税则号、原产地和用途查询食品、植物或动物产品的进口要求。"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"GACC CIFER: overseas food manufacturer registration","zh":"海关总署进口食品境外生产企业注册管理系统（CIFER）"},"owner":"General Administration of Customs of China, run by the China E-port Data Centre","url":"https://cifer.singlewindow.cn/","languages":["zh","en"],"category":"food-agri","answers":{"en":"How do I register an overseas food facility to export to China?","zh":"境外食品生产企业如何注册以便向中国出口？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"GACC CIFER public query","zh":"海关总署 CIFER 注册信息公开查询"},"owner":"General Administration of Customs of China","url":"https://ciferquery.singlewindow.cn/","languages":["zh","en"],"category":"food-agri","answers":{"en":"Is a Canadian establishment currently registered with GACC?","zh":"某家加拿大企业目前是否已在海关总署注册？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Ministry of Finance of China: tariff policy releases","zh":"财政部关税司：政策发布"},"owner":"Customs Tariff Commission Office, Ministry of Finance of China","url":"https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/","languages":["zh"],"category":"tariffs","answers":{"en":"What has the Customs Tariff Commission announced, including tariffs specific to Canadian goods? (The site is sometimes unavailable.)","zh":"国务院关税税则委员会发布了哪些公告？其中是否涉及加拿大商品？（该网站有时无法访问。）"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"China Trade Remedies Information","zh":"中国贸易救济信息网"},"owner":"Ministry of Commerce of China","url":"https://cacs.mofcom.gov.cn/","languages":["zh"],"category":"trade-remedies","answers":{"en":"Which anti-dumping and countervailing cases involve Canada, and at what stage are they?","zh":"哪些反倾销、反补贴案件涉及加拿大？进展到哪一阶段？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"MOFCOM Trade Remedy and Investigation Bureau","zh":"商务部贸易救济调查局"},"owner":"Ministry of Commerce of China","url":"https://trb.mofcom.gov.cn/","languages":["zh"],"category":"trade-remedies","answers":{"en":"Where are the official case announcements published?","zh":"案件的官方公告在哪里发布？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"China Export Control Information","zh":"中国出口管制信息网"},"owner":"Ministry of Commerce of China","url":"https://exportcontrol.mofcom.gov.cn/","languages":["zh"],"category":"permits-controls","answers":{"en":"What do China's Export Control Law, dual-use list and entity lists say?","zh":"中国《出口管制法》、两用物项清单和实体清单如何规定？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"GACC online service hall","zh":"海关总署互联网+海关（政务服务）"},"owner":"General Administration of Customs of China","url":"https://online.customs.gov.cn/","languages":["zh"],"category":"customs","answers":{"en":"Where are China Customs' online services for enterprises?","zh":"中国海关面向企业的网上办事入口在哪里？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"WTO Tariff and Trade Data","zh":"世贸组织关税与贸易数据"},"owner":"World Trade Organization","url":"https://ttd.wto.org/en","languages":["en","fr","es"],"category":"tariffs","answers":{"en":"What are China's and Canada's MFN applied and bound rates? (Does not show Canada-specific additional tariffs.)","zh":"中国和加拿大的最惠国实施税率和约束税率是多少？（不含针对加拿大的加征关税。）"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Investment Canada Act: review thresholds","zh":"《加拿大投资法》：审查门槛"},"owner":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/investment-canada-act/thresholds","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"investment","answers":{"en":"What are this year's net benefit review thresholds?","zh":"今年的净利益审查门槛是多少？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Investment Canada Act: national security decisions","zh":"《加拿大投资法》：国家安全决定"},"owner":"Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","url":"https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/investment-canada-act/en/national-security-decisions","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"investment","answers":{"en":"Which final national security orders has Canada published?","zh":"加拿大公布了哪些国家安全审查最终命令？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Invest in Canada","zh":"加拿大投资局"},"owner":"Invest in Canada (federal agency)","url":"https://www.investcanada.ca/","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"investment","answers":{"en":"What services and sector information are available to a foreign investor?","zh":"外国投资者可获得哪些服务和行业信息？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Public Safety Canada: forced labour in supply chains reporting","zh":"加拿大公共安全部：供应链强迫劳动报告"},"owner":"Public Safety Canada","url":"https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/frcd-lbr-cndn-spply-chns/index-en.aspx","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"Who must file the annual supply chain report, how, and by when (May 31)?","zh":"哪些企业须提交年度供应链报告？如何提交？截止日期（5月31日）？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CNIPA English site","zh":"国家知识产权局英文网站"},"owner":"China National Intellectual Property Administration","url":"https://english.cnipa.gov.cn/","languages":["en"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"How are trademarks and patents filed and searched in China?","zh":"在中国如何申请和查询商标、专利？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"CNIPA Trademark Office","zh":"国家知识产权局商标局"},"owner":"China National Intellectual Property Administration","url":"https://sbj.cnipa.gov.cn/sbj/index.html","languages":["zh"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"Where do I search and file Chinese trademarks?","zh":"在哪里查询和申请中国商标？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"NMPA English site","zh":"国家药品监督管理局英文网站"},"owner":"National Medical Products Administration of China","url":"https://english.nmpa.gov.cn/","languages":["en"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"What are China's rules and databases for cosmetics, medical devices and drugs?","zh":"中国对化妆品、医疗器械和药品有哪些规定和数据库？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"National Laws and Regulations Database of China","zh":"国家法律法规数据库"},"owner":"National People's Congress of China","url":"https://flk.npc.gov.cn/","languages":["zh"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"What is the authoritative text of a Chinese law?","zh":"某部中国法律的权威文本是什么？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Travel advice and advisories for China","zh":"加拿大政府：中国旅行建议"},"owner":"Global Affairs Canada","url":"https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/china","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"travel","answers":{"en":"What are the risk level, entry rules and legal warnings for travel to China?","zh":"前往中国的风险等级、入境规定和法律提示是什么？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"China MFA consular notice: visa-free entry for Canadians","zh":"外交部领事司通知：对加拿大试行免签"},"owner":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China","url":"https://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/202602/t20260215_11860470.shtml","languages":["zh"],"category":"travel","answers":{"en":"What are the terms of China's visa waiver for Canadian passport holders?","zh":"中国对加拿大护照持有人免签政策的具体条件是什么？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"IRCC: find a visa application centre","zh":"加拿大移民部：查找签证申请中心"},"owner":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/contact-ircc/offices/find-visa-application-centre.html","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"travel","answers":{"en":"Where are Canada's visa application centres in China?","zh":"加拿大在中国的签证申请中心在哪里？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"Health Canada recalls and safety alerts","zh":"加拿大卫生部：召回与安全警示"},"owner":"Health Canada","url":"https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/en","languages":["en","fr"],"category":"customs","answers":{"en":"Has a product or supplier been subject to a Canadian recall?","zh":"某产品或供应商是否在加拿大被召回过？"},"official":true},{"name":{"en":"ITC Market Access Map","zh":"国际贸易中心市场准入地图"},"owner":"International Trade Centre (UN and WTO agency)","url":"https://www.macmap.org/","languages":["en","fr","es"],"category":"tariffs","answers":{"en":"What applied tariffs, including some extraordinary measures, does a market charge?","zh":"某市场实际征收哪些关税（含部分特别措施）？"},"official":false},{"name":{"en":"Canada China Business Council","zh":"加中贸易理事会"},"owner":"Canada China Business Council","url":"https://ccbc.com/","languages":["en","zh"],"category":"support","answers":{"en":"Which bilateral business association runs events and member services?","zh":"哪家双边商会组织活动并提供会员服务？"},"official":false},{"name":{"en":"Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong","zh":"香港加拿大商会"},"owner":"Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong","url":"https://www.cancham.org/","languages":["en"],"category":"support","answers":{"en":"Where is the Canadian business community in Hong Kong?","zh":"在香港的加拿大商界组织在哪里？"},"official":false},{"name":{"en":"Hong Kong-Canada Business Association","zh":"港加商会"},"owner":"Hong Kong-Canada Business Association","url":"https://www.hkcba.com/","languages":["en"],"category":"support","answers":{"en":"Which association links Canadian and Hong Kong businesses across Canada?","zh":"哪家协会在加拿大各地联系加港两地企业？"},"official":false},{"name":{"en":"China Council for the Promotion of International Trade","zh":"中国国际贸易促进委员会"},"owner":"CCPIT (quasi-governmental trade promotion body)","url":"https://en.ccpit.org/","languages":["en","zh"],"category":"support","answers":{"en":"Who issues certificates of origin and ATA carnets in China?","zh":"在中国由谁签发原产地证书和ATA单证册？"},"official":false},{"name":{"en":"Canola Council of Canada: China update","zh":"加拿大油菜籽理事会：中国市场动态"},"owner":"Canola Council of Canada","url":"https://www.canolacouncil.org/china-update/","languages":["en"],"category":"food-agri","answers":{"en":"What is the industry's running timeline of China's canola measures?","zh":"行业整理的中国对油菜籽措施时间线是怎样的？"},"official":false},{"name":{"en":"CIETAC","zh":"中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会"},"owner":"China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission","url":"https://www.cietac.org/","languages":["zh","en"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"What are the rules of the main mainland arbitration institution?","zh":"中国内地主要仲裁机构的规则是什么？"},"official":false},{"name":{"en":"HKIAC","zh":"香港国际仲裁中心"},"owner":"Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre","url":"https://hkiac.org/","languages":["en","zh"],"category":"law","answers":{"en":"What are the rules of the Hong Kong arbitration institution often named in contracts?","zh":"合同中常指定的香港仲裁机构有哪些规则？"},"official":false}]},"glossary":{"reviewed":"2026-09-17","terms":[{"id":"additional-tariff","en":"Additional tariff","zh":"加征关税","pinyin":"jiāzhēng guānshuì","definition":{"en":"A tariff that China's Customs Tariff Commission adds on top of the applied rate for goods of a named origin, usually as a countermeasure. It is announced by product list and can be suspended or adjusted by a later announcement.","zh":"国务院关税税则委员会在现行适用税率之外，对特定原产地商品另行加征的关税，通常属于反制措施。按商品清单公布，可由后续公告暂停或调整。"}},{"id":"anti-discrimination-investigation","en":"Anti-discrimination investigation","zh":"反歧视调查","pinyin":"fǎn qíshì diàochá","definition":{"en":"An investigation under China's Foreign Trade Law into another country's discriminatory trade restrictions against China. China opened its first one against Canada's surtaxes in September 2024.","zh":"依据中国《对外贸易法》对他国针对中国采取的歧视性贸易限制措施进行的调查。中国于2024年9月首次启动此类调查，对象为加拿大的附加税措施。"}},{"id":"anti-dumping-duty","en":"Anti-dumping duty","zh":"反倾销税","pinyin":"fǎn qīngxiāo shuì","definition":{"en":"An extra duty charged on imports that an investigating authority finds are sold below their normal value and are injuring the domestic industry. It is set per exporter or per country and is paid on top of the ordinary tariff.","zh":"调查机关认定进口产品以低于正常价值的价格销售并对国内产业造成损害时加征的税。税率按出口商或国别确定，在正常关税之外另行缴纳。"}},{"id":"anti-foreign-sanctions-law","en":"Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law","zh":"反外国制裁法","pinyin":"Fǎn Wàiguó Zhìcái Fǎ","definition":{"en":"A 2021 Chinese law that allows countermeasures such as asset freezes, transaction bans and entry bans against persons and organizations involved in foreign sanctions against China.","zh":"中国2021年颁布的法律，授权对参与对华制裁的个人和组织采取冻结财产、禁止交易、不准入境等反制措施。"}},{"id":"approved-destination-status","en":"Approved Destination Status (ADS)","zh":"中国公民出境旅游目的地","pinyin":"chūjìng lǚyóu mùdìdì","definition":{"en":"China's scheme that allows organized group tours to a listed country. China reinstated group travel to Canada in November 2025.","zh":"中国允许旅行社组织团队前往清单内国家旅游的制度。中国于2025年11月恢复赴加拿大团队游。"}},{"id":"area-control-list","en":"Area Control List","zh":"地区管制清单","pinyin":"dìqū guǎnzhì qīngdān","definition":{"en":"Canada's list of countries to which every export needs a permit. China is not on it, so exports to China need a permit only when the item itself is controlled.","zh":"加拿大规定向其出口任何物项均须许可证的国家清单。中国不在其中，因此只有物项本身受管制时，对华出口才需要许可证。"}},{"id":"bonded-zone","en":"Bonded zone","zh":"保税区","pinyin":"bǎoshuì qū","definition":{"en":"A customs-supervised area where imported goods can be stored or processed without paying duty until they enter the domestic market.","zh":"海关监管的特定区域，进口货物可在区内存储或加工，进入国内市场时才缴纳关税。"}},{"id":"cbsa","en":"Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)","zh":"加拿大边境服务局","pinyin":"Jiānádà Biānjìng Fúwù Jú","definition":{"en":"Canada's customs authority. It assesses duties and taxes, administers anti-dumping and countervailing duties, and enforces import prohibitions.","zh":"加拿大的海关机关，负责核定关税和税款、执行反倾销和反补贴税，并实施进口禁令。"}},{"id":"cfia","en":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)","zh":"加拿大食品检验局","pinyin":"Jiānádà Shípǐn Jiǎnyàn Jú","definition":{"en":"The Canadian regulator for food safety and animal and plant health. It issues export certificates and maintains the lists of establishments eligible to ship to China.","zh":"加拿大负责食品安全和动植物卫生的监管机构，签发出口证书，并维护获准向中国出口的企业名单。"}},{"id":"carm","en":"CARM (CBSA Assessment and Revenue Management)","zh":"CARM（加拿大边境服务局评估与税收管理系统）","pinyin":"CARM","definition":{"en":"The Canada Border Services Agency's system of record for importers. Importers register on the CARM Client Portal, post their own financial security and pay duties and taxes there.","zh":"加拿大边境服务局面向进口商的官方业务系统。进口商须在 CARM 客户门户注册，自行提供财务担保，并在该平台缴纳税款。"}},{"id":"certificate-of-origin","en":"Certificate of origin","zh":"原产地证书","pinyin":"yuánchǎndì zhèngshū","definition":{"en":"A document stating the country of origin of goods, issued or certified by an authorized body. In China, customs and CCPIT issue them.","zh":"载明货物原产国的文件，由授权机构签发或认证。在中国由海关和贸促会签发。"}},{"id":"ccc-mark","en":"China Compulsory Certification (CCC)","zh":"中国强制性产品认证（CCC认证）","pinyin":"Zhōngguó qiángzhìxìng chǎnpǐn rènzhèng","definition":{"en":"China's mandatory safety certification for listed product categories such as many electrical goods, toys and vehicle parts. Listed products cannot be imported or sold without the mark.","zh":"中国对目录内产品（如多类电气产品、玩具和汽车零部件）实行的强制性安全认证。未获认证并加贴标志的目录内产品不得进口或销售。"}},{"id":"cnipa","en":"China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA)","zh":"国家知识产权局","pinyin":"Guójiā Zhīshi Chǎnquán Jú","definition":{"en":"China's patent and trademark office.","zh":"中国主管专利和商标的机关。"}},{"id":"cif","en":"CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)","zh":"CIF（成本、保险费加运费）","pinyin":"CIF","definition":{"en":"An Incoterms rule for sea freight: the seller pays cost, insurance and freight to the named port of destination, but risk passes to the buyer once the goods are on board at origin. China assesses import duty on a CIF basis.","zh":"适用于海运的国际贸易术语：卖方支付至指定目的港的成本、保险费和运费，但货物在装运港装船后风险即转移给买方。中国按CIF价格计征进口关税。"}},{"id":"cifer","en":"CIFER (China Import Food Enterprises Registration)","zh":"进口食品境外生产企业注册管理系统","pinyin":"CIFER","definition":{"en":"The GACC online system in which overseas food manufacturers apply for and maintain the registration they need before their products can enter China.","zh":"海关总署的在线系统，境外食品生产企业通过该系统申请和维护注册，获得注册后其产品方可输华。"}},{"id":"controlled-goods-program","en":"Controlled Goods Program","zh":"受控货物计划","pinyin":"shòukòng huòwù jìhuà","definition":{"en":"A Canadian domestic security program. Anyone who examines, possesses or transfers controlled military and strategic goods inside Canada must register and screen the people who have access.","zh":"加拿大的国内安全制度。凡在加拿大境内查验、持有或转移受控军用和战略货物者，均须注册并对接触人员进行安全评估。"}},{"id":"countervailing-duty","en":"Countervailing duty","zh":"反补贴税","pinyin":"fǎn bǔtiē shuì","definition":{"en":"An extra duty that offsets a subsidy which a foreign government gave to the producer or exporter of the imported goods, when those imports injure the domestic industry.","zh":"为抵消外国政府给予生产商或出口商的补贴而加征的税，前提是相关进口产品对国内产业造成损害。"}},{"id":"cptpp","en":"CPTPP","zh":"全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定","pinyin":"CPTPP","definition":{"en":"The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, a trade agreement of which Canada is a member. China applied to join in 2021; accession requires the consensus of members.","zh":"加拿大参加的一项贸易协定。中国于2021年申请加入，加入须经成员一致同意。"}},{"id":"critical-minerals","en":"Critical minerals","zh":"关键矿产","pinyin":"guānjiàn kuàngchǎn","definition":{"en":"Minerals such as lithium, graphite, rare earths, gallium and germanium that are essential to batteries, electronics and defence. Canada scrutinizes foreign state-linked investment in them, and China licenses exports of several.","zh":"锂、石墨、稀土、镓、锗等对电池、电子和国防至关重要的矿产。加拿大严格审查外国国有背景资本对其投资，中国则对其中多种实行出口许可。"}},{"id":"cross-border-ecommerce","en":"Cross-border e-commerce (CBEC)","zh":"跨境电子商务","pinyin":"kuàjìng diànzǐ shāngwù","definition":{"en":"A Chinese import channel for retail sales to consumers through approved platforms, with its own positive list, tax treatment and transaction limits.","zh":"中国面向消费者的零售进口渠道，通过获批平台销售，适用专门的正面清单、税收政策和交易限额。"}},{"id":"cusma-non-market-clause","en":"CUSMA non-market economy clause","zh":"《加美墨协定》非市场经济条款","pinyin":"fēi shìchǎng jīngjì tiáokuǎn","definition":{"en":"Article 32.10 of the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement. A party that negotiates a free trade agreement with a non-market country must notify the others, who may then leave the agreement. It limits how far Canada can liberalize trade with China.","zh":"《加美墨协定》第32.10条。缔约方如与非市场经济国家谈判自由贸易协定，须通知其他缔约方，后者可据此退出协定。该条款限制了加拿大对华贸易自由化的空间。"}},{"id":"customs-recordal","en":"Customs recordal of intellectual property","zh":"知识产权海关保护备案","pinyin":"zhīshi chǎnquán hǎiguān bǎohù bèi'àn","definition":{"en":"Registering a trademark, patent or copyright with GACC so that customs can detain suspected infringing goods at import or export.","zh":"将商标、专利或著作权在海关总署备案，使海关可在进出口环节扣留涉嫌侵权的货物。"}},{"id":"customs-tariff-commission","en":"Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council","zh":"国务院关税税则委员会","pinyin":"Guówùyuàn Guānshuì Shuìzé Wěiyuánhuì","definition":{"en":"The Chinese body that sets and adjusts tariff rates, including additional tariffs on goods of a named origin. Its office sits in the Ministry of Finance, which publishes its announcements.","zh":"负责制定和调整关税税率（包括对特定原产地商品加征关税）的机构，办公室设在财政部，公告由财政部发布。"}},{"id":"customs-valuation","en":"Customs valuation","zh":"海关估价","pinyin":"hǎiguān gūjià","definition":{"en":"The method for setting the value on which duty is calculated, normally the price actually paid or payable for the goods when sold for export, with specified adjustments.","zh":"确定完税价格的方法，通常以货物出口销售时实付或应付的价格为基础，并作规定的调整。"}},{"id":"de-minimis","en":"De minimis threshold","zh":"免税限额（小额豁免）","pinyin":"miǎnshuì xiàn'é","definition":{"en":"The value below which a shipment enters without duty and tax. Canada's higher thresholds apply only to shipments from the United States and Mexico under CUSMA, not to shipments from China.","zh":"货物价值低于该限额即可免征关税和税款。加拿大较高的限额仅适用于《加美墨协定》项下来自美国和墨西哥的货物，不适用于来自中国的货物。"}},{"id":"defence-coordination-dialogue","en":"Defence Coordination Dialogue","zh":"防务协调对话","pinyin":"fángwù xiétiáo duìhuà","definition":{"en":"A working-level channel between Canadian and Chinese defence officials agreed in 2013. It met four times to 2018 and again in September 2026. It is a communication channel, not a defence agreement.","zh":"中加防务部门官员之间的工作层沟通渠道，2013年商定设立，至2018年举行过四次，2026年9月再次举行。它是沟通渠道，不是防务协定。"}},{"id":"dual-use-items","en":"Dual-use items","zh":"两用物项","pinyin":"liǎngyòng wùxiàng","definition":{"en":"Goods, software and technology that have civilian uses and can also serve military purposes or weapons of mass destruction. Both Canada and China require export licences for listed dual-use items.","zh":"既有民事用途、又可用于军事目的或大规模杀伤性武器的货物、软件和技术。中加两国均对清单内的两用物项实行出口许可。"}},{"id":"efsd","en":"Economic and Financial Strategic Dialogue (EFSD)","zh":"中加经济财金战略对话","pinyin":"Zhōng-Jiā Jīngjì Cáijīn Zhànlüè Duìhuà","definition":{"en":"A senior Canada-China dialogue on macroeconomic and financial cooperation, revived by the two governments in January 2026.","zh":"中加之间就宏观经济和金融合作举行的高级别对话，两国政府于2026年1月决定恢复。"}},{"id":"end-user","en":"End user and end use","zh":"最终用户和最终用途","pinyin":"zuìzhōng yònghù hé zuìzhōng yòngtú","definition":{"en":"Who will finally use an exported item and for what. Export control authorities require statements on both and can refuse a licence if there is a risk of diversion.","zh":"出口物项最终由谁使用、用于什么目的。出口管制机关要求就两者作出说明，存在转用风险时可拒绝发放许可。"}},{"id":"end-user-certificate","en":"End-user certificate","zh":"最终用户证明","pinyin":"zuìzhōng yònghù zhèngmíng","definition":{"en":"A signed document from the buyer stating who will use the goods, for what, and that they will not be re-exported or diverted without approval.","zh":"由买方签署的文件，说明货物的使用者和用途，并承诺未经批准不再出口或转用。"}},{"id":"export-control-list","en":"Export Control List (ECL)","zh":"出口管制清单","pinyin":"chūkǒu guǎnzhì qīngdān","definition":{"en":"Canada's list of goods and technology that need an export permit, arranged in groups such as dual-use, munitions and nuclear items.","zh":"加拿大须凭许可证出口的货物和技术清单，按两用物项、军品、核物项等分组。"}},{"id":"final-determination","en":"Final determination","zh":"最终裁定（终裁）","pinyin":"zuìzhōng cáidìng","definition":{"en":"The concluding finding of a trade remedy investigation. It fixes the definitive duty rate and its duration, usually five years.","zh":"贸易救济调查的结论性认定，确定最终税率及实施期限，通常为五年。"}},{"id":"first-to-file","en":"First-to-file","zh":"申请在先原则","pinyin":"shēnqǐng zài xiān yuánzé","definition":{"en":"The rule that trademark rights in China generally go to whoever files first, not to whoever used the mark first. Foreign brands are advised to file before entering the market or sourcing there.","zh":"在中国，商标权一般归最先提出申请的人，而不是最先使用的人。因此外国品牌通常应在进入市场或在华采购之前提出申请。"}},{"id":"fob","en":"FOB (Free On Board)","zh":"FOB（船上交货）","pinyin":"FOB","definition":{"en":"An Incoterms rule for sea freight: the seller delivers when the goods are on board the vessel at the named port of shipment, and risk passes to the buyer from that point.","zh":"适用于海运的国际贸易术语：卖方在指定装运港将货物装上船即完成交货，风险自此转移给买方。"}},{"id":"forced-labour-prohibition","en":"Forced labour import prohibition","zh":"强迫劳动产品进口禁令","pinyin":"qiǎngpò láodòng chǎnpǐn jìnkǒu jìnlìng","definition":{"en":"Canada's Customs Tariff prohibits importing goods mined, manufactured or produced wholly or in part by forced labour. A separate act requires larger companies to report each year on forced and child labour risks in their supply chains.","zh":"加拿大《海关税则》禁止进口全部或部分由强迫劳动开采、制造或生产的货物。另有法律要求较大规模的企业每年报告供应链中的强迫劳动和童工风险。"}},{"id":"fipa","en":"Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (FIPA)","zh":"投资促进和保护协定","pinyin":"tóuzī cùjìn hé bǎohù xiédìng","definition":{"en":"A bilateral treaty that protects investors of each country in the other, including access to international arbitration. The Canada-China FIPA has been in force since October 2014.","zh":"保护缔约双方投资者在对方境内投资的双边条约，包括诉诸国际仲裁的权利。中加投资保护协定自2014年10月起生效。"}},{"id":"gacc","en":"General Administration of Customs of China (GACC)","zh":"海关总署","pinyin":"Hǎiguān Zǒngshǔ","definition":{"en":"China's customs authority. It collects duties, enforces import and export controls and, since 2018, runs entry-exit inspection and quarantine, including registration of overseas food producers.","zh":"中国的海关主管机关，负责征收关税、执行进出口管制，并自2018年起承担出入境检验检疫职责，包括进口食品境外生产企业注册。"}},{"id":"hs-code","en":"HS code (tariff classification)","zh":"税则号列（HS编码）","pinyin":"shuìzé hàoliè","definition":{"en":"The number that classifies a product under the Harmonized System. The first six digits are international; Canada uses ten digits and China uses up to thirteen. Duties, quotas and trade remedy scope all depend on it.","zh":"按《协调制度》对商品进行归类的编码。前六位国际通用，加拿大使用十位，中国最多使用十三位。关税、配额和贸易救济措施的适用范围均取决于它。"}},{"id":"import-control-list","en":"Import Control List","zh":"进口管制清单","pinyin":"jìnkǒu guǎnzhì qīngdān","definition":{"en":"The list under Canada's Export and Import Permits Act of goods that need an import permit.","zh":"加拿大《进出口许可法》项下须凭许可证进口的货物清单。"}},{"id":"import-permit","en":"Import permit","zh":"进口许可证","pinyin":"jìnkǒu xǔkězhèng","definition":{"en":"Written authorization needed before controlled goods can enter. In Canada, Global Affairs Canada issues permits for goods on the Import Control List, including Chinese-origin electric vehicles since March 2026.","zh":"受管制货物入境前必须取得的书面许可。在加拿大，由全球事务部对《进口管制清单》内的货物签发许可证，自2026年3月起包括原产于中国的电动汽车。"}},{"id":"investment-canada-act","en":"Investment Canada Act","zh":"加拿大投资法","pinyin":"Jiānádà Tóuzī Fǎ","definition":{"en":"The federal statute under which foreign investments are notified, reviewed for net benefit above set thresholds, and reviewed for national security at any size.","zh":"加拿大联邦法律。外国投资须依该法申报，超过门槛的须接受净利益审查，任何规模的投资均可被进行国家安全审查。"}},{"id":"jetc","en":"Joint Economic and Trade Commission (JETC)","zh":"中加经贸联委会","pinyin":"Zhōng-Jiā Jīngmào Liánwěihuì","definition":{"en":"The standing Canada-China mechanism for trade issues and market access irritants. The January 2026 Roadmap raised it to a mechanism led by the trade ministers.","zh":"中加之间处理贸易问题和市场准入关切的常设机制。2026年1月的路线图将其升格为由两国贸易部长牵头。"}},{"id":"letter-of-credit","en":"Letter of credit (L/C)","zh":"信用证","pinyin":"xìnyòngzhèng","definition":{"en":"A bank's undertaking to pay the seller when documents that comply with the credit's terms are presented. Common in first transactions between Canadian and Chinese firms.","zh":"银行承诺在卖方提交符合信用证条款的单据时付款。中加企业首次交易时较常使用。"}},{"id":"mofcom","en":"Ministry of Commerce of China (MOFCOM)","zh":"商务部","pinyin":"Shāngwù Bù","definition":{"en":"The Chinese ministry responsible for foreign trade policy, trade remedy investigations, export control licensing and foreign investment policy.","zh":"中国主管对外贸易政策、贸易救济调查、出口管制许可和外商投资政策的部门。"}},{"id":"mfn-tariff","en":"Most-favoured-nation (MFN) tariff","zh":"最惠国税率","pinyin":"zuìhuìguó shuìlǜ","definition":{"en":"The ordinary tariff a WTO member applies to goods from other members when no preferential agreement applies. Canada and China trade with each other at MFN rates because they have no free trade agreement.","zh":"世贸组织成员在没有优惠安排时对其他成员货物适用的普通关税。中加之间没有自由贸易协定，双方按最惠国税率征税。"}},{"id":"national-security-review","en":"National security review","zh":"国家安全审查","pinyin":"guójiā ānquán shěnchá","definition":{"en":"A government review of whether a foreign investment could harm national security. In Canada it can apply to an investment of any size under the Investment Canada Act and can end in conditions, a block or a divestiture order.","zh":"政府对外国投资是否可能损害国家安全进行的审查。在加拿大，依据《加拿大投资法》可适用于任何规模的投资，结果可能是附加条件、禁止交易或责令剥离。"}},{"id":"negative-list","en":"Negative List (Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access)","zh":"外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）","pinyin":"fùmiàn qīngdān","definition":{"en":"China's list of sectors where foreign investment is prohibited or restricted. Sectors not on the list are open to foreign investors on the same terms as domestic ones.","zh":"中国禁止或限制外商投资的行业清单。清单之外的领域，外资与内资享受同等准入待遇。"}},{"id":"net-benefit-review","en":"Net benefit review","zh":"净利益审查","pinyin":"jìng lìyì shěnchá","definition":{"en":"The Investment Canada Act review of large acquisitions of control of Canadian businesses, which must be shown to be of net benefit to Canada. Thresholds are revised every year.","zh":"《加拿大投资法》对取得加拿大企业控制权的大额收购进行的审查，投资须被认定对加拿大有净利益。审查门槛每年调整。"}},{"id":"strategic-partnership","en":"New strategic partnership","zh":"新型战略伙伴关系","pinyin":"xīnxíng zhànlüè huǒbàn guānxì","definition":{"en":"The framework named in the Canada-China joint statement of January 2026. Its pillars are energy, economic and trade cooperation, public safety and security, multilateralism, and culture and people-to-people ties. It is not a free trade agreement and contains no defence item.","zh":"2026年1月中加联合声明提出的框架，支柱包括能源、经贸合作、公共安全、多边主义以及人文交流。它不是自由贸易协定，也不包含防务内容。"}},{"id":"phytosanitary-certificate","en":"Phytosanitary certificate","zh":"植物检疫证书","pinyin":"zhíwù jiǎnyì zhèngshū","definition":{"en":"An official certificate from the exporting country's plant protection authority, in Canada the CFIA, stating that a plant product meets the importing country's plant health requirements.","zh":"出口国植物保护机关（在加拿大为食品检验局）出具的官方证书，证明植物产品符合进口国的植物卫生要求。"}},{"id":"preliminary-determination","en":"Preliminary determination","zh":"初步裁定（初裁）","pinyin":"chūbù cáidìng","definition":{"en":"The first formal finding in a trade remedy investigation on dumping or subsidy, injury and causation. It can trigger provisional measures but is not the final result.","zh":"贸易救济调查中就倾销或补贴、损害及因果关系作出的首次正式认定。可据此采取临时措施，但并非最终结果。"}},{"id":"provisional-deposit","en":"Provisional deposit (provisional anti-dumping measure)","zh":"保证金（临时反倾销措施）","pinyin":"bǎozhèngjīn","definition":{"en":"Security that an importer lodges with China Customs after a preliminary determination, calculated at the preliminary dumping margin. It is refunded or converted into duty when the final determination is made.","zh":"初步裁定后，进口经营者按初裁确定的比率向中国海关提供的担保。终裁后予以退还或转为税款。"}},{"id":"rare-earths","en":"Rare earths","zh":"稀土","pinyin":"xītǔ","definition":{"en":"A group of 17 metallic elements used in magnets, motors and electronics. China dominates processing and has required export licences for several medium and heavy rare earths since April 2025.","zh":"用于磁体、电机和电子产品的17种金属元素。中国在加工环节占主导地位，自2025年4月起对多种中重稀土实行出口许可。"}},{"id":"overseas-food-manufacturer-registration","en":"Registration of overseas food manufacturers","zh":"进口食品境外生产企业注册","pinyin":"jìnkǒu shípǐn jìngwài shēngchǎn qǐyè zhùcè","definition":{"en":"China's requirement that foreign facilities producing food for the Chinese market be registered with GACC, either on the recommendation of the exporting country's authority or by self-application, depending on the product.","zh":"中国要求向中国出口食品的境外生产企业在海关总署注册。根据产品类别，由出口国主管机关推荐注册或由企业自行申请。"}},{"id":"remission-order","en":"Remission order","zh":"减免令","pinyin":"jiǎnmiǎn lìng","definition":{"en":"A Canadian order that relieves named goods or importers from paying a surtax or duty, often for a fixed period and under conditions.","zh":"加拿大政府发布的命令，免除特定货物或进口商缴纳附加税或关税的义务，通常有期限并附条件。"}},{"id":"rules-of-origin","en":"Rules of origin","zh":"原产地规则","pinyin":"yuánchǎndì guīzé","definition":{"en":"The criteria that decide which country a product comes from for tariff and trade remedy purposes, for example where it was wholly obtained or last substantially transformed.","zh":"为适用关税和贸易救济措施而确定货物原产国的标准，例如完全获得或最后发生实质性改变的地点。"}},{"id":"sima","en":"Special Import Measures Act (SIMA)","zh":"特别进口措施法","pinyin":"Tèbié Jìnkǒu Cuòshī Fǎ","definition":{"en":"The Canadian statute on anti-dumping and countervailing duties. The CBSA investigates dumping and subsidy, and the Canadian International Trade Tribunal decides injury.","zh":"加拿大关于反倾销税和反补贴税的法律。边境服务局调查倾销和补贴，国际贸易法庭裁定损害。"}},{"id":"state-owned-enterprise","en":"State-owned enterprise (SOE)","zh":"国有企业","pinyin":"guóyǒu qǐyè","definition":{"en":"An enterprise owned, controlled or influenced by a government. Canada applies lower review thresholds and closer scrutiny to SOE investors, especially in critical minerals.","zh":"由政府拥有、控制或施加影响的企业。加拿大对国有企业投资者适用较低的审查门槛和更严格的审查，关键矿产领域尤其如此。"}},{"id":"sunset-review","en":"Sunset review (expiry review)","zh":"期终复审","pinyin":"qīzhōng fùshěn","definition":{"en":"A review started before an anti-dumping or countervailing measure expires to decide whether ending it would lead to dumping and injury again. The measure stays in force during the review.","zh":"在反倾销或反补贴措施到期前启动的复审，用以判断终止措施是否会导致倾销和损害再度发生。复审期间措施继续有效。"}},{"id":"surtax","en":"Surtax","zh":"附加税","pinyin":"fùjiā shuì","definition":{"en":"In Canada, an extra customs duty imposed by order under the Customs Tariff on goods of a named origin, in addition to the ordinary rate. The China Surtax Order (2024) is an example.","zh":"在加拿大，指依据《海关税则》以命令形式对特定原产地货物在正常税率之外加征的关税，例如《对华附加税令（2024）》。"}},{"id":"tariff-rate-quota","en":"Tariff rate quota (TRQ)","zh":"关税配额","pinyin":"guānshuì pèi'é","definition":{"en":"A two-tier arrangement: imports up to a set volume pay a lower rate, and imports above it pay a higher rate or a surtax.","zh":"一种双层安排：配额内进口适用较低税率，超出配额的进口适用较高税率或附加税。"}},{"id":"tax-treaty","en":"Tax treaty (double taxation agreement)","zh":"避免双重征税协定","pinyin":"bìmiǎn shuāngchóng zhēngshuì xiédìng","definition":{"en":"An agreement that divides taxing rights between two countries and limits withholding tax on dividends, interest and royalties. Canada and China have had one in force since 1986.","zh":"在两国之间划分征税权并限制股息、利息和特许权使用费预提税的协定。中加之间的协定自1986年起生效。"}},{"id":"trade-commissioner-service","en":"Trade Commissioner Service (TCS)","zh":"加拿大贸易专员服务处","pinyin":"màoyì zhuānyuán fúwùchù","definition":{"en":"The Global Affairs Canada network that helps Canadian companies export, with offices in mainland China and Hong Kong.","zh":"加拿大全球事务部下属的服务网络，协助加拿大企业出口，在中国内地和香港设有办事处。"}},{"id":"unreliable-entity-list","en":"Unreliable Entity List","zh":"不可靠实体清单","pinyin":"bù kěkào shítǐ qīngdān","definition":{"en":"A Chinese list of foreign entities found to endanger China's sovereignty, security or development interests or to harm Chinese companies. Listed entities can be barred from trade with and investment in China.","zh":"中国针对危害国家主权、安全、发展利益或损害中国企业合法权益的外国实体设立的清单。被列入者可被禁止从事与中国有关的进出口和在华投资。"}},{"id":"visa-free-entry","en":"Visa-free entry","zh":"免签入境","pinyin":"miǎnqiān rùjìng","definition":{"en":"Permission to enter without a visa for a limited stay and listed purposes. China granted it to ordinary Canadian passport holders for stays of up to 30 days from February 2026, for a period that must be renewed to continue.","zh":"在限定停留期和规定事由内无需签证即可入境。中国自2026年2月起对持普通护照的加拿大公民试行最长30天免签，政策有期限，须延期方可继续。"}},{"id":"wfoe","en":"Wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE)","zh":"外商独资企业","pinyin":"wàishāng dúzī qǐyè","definition":{"en":"A company in China whose capital is held entirely by foreign investors. Since the Foreign Investment Law took effect it is organized under China's Company Law like a domestic company.","zh":"全部资本由外国投资者持有的在华企业。《外商投资法》施行后，其组织形式与内资企业一样适用《公司法》。"}},{"id":"wto-dispute-panel","en":"WTO dispute settlement panel","zh":"世贸组织争端解决专家组","pinyin":"zhēngduān jiějué zhuānjiāzǔ","definition":{"en":"A panel of experts set up to rule on a complaint that a WTO member has broken the rules. Canada and China each have panels established against the other's 2024 and 2025 measures, with composition suspended while they negotiate.","zh":"为裁定某成员是否违反世贸规则而设立的专家小组。中加双方已就对方2024年和2025年的措施分别设立专家组，谈判期间专家组组成程序暂停。"}}]}}